The Roman Civilization

The Roman Civilization,[object Object],SOCIAL SCIENCE III,[object Object]

LEGEND,[object Object],ROMULUS AND REMUS,[object Object],REALITY,[object Object],Rome developed because of its STRATEGIC LOCATION AND FERTILE SOIL,[object Object],LATINS – Latium,[object Object],GREEKS - Coasts of Italy and Sicily,[object Object],ETRUSCANS – Northern Italy,[object Object]

THE EARLY REPUBLIC,[object Object],REPUBLIC ,[object Object],“Form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leader.”,[object Object],How did Roman Republic begin?,[object Object],Tarquin the Proud versus the Roman Aristocrats,[object Object]

ROMAN REPUBLIC,[object Object],PATRICIANS ,[object Object],Aristocratic landowners who held most of the power.,[object Object],Power and social status: inherited.,[object Object],PLEBEIANS,[object Object],Common farmers, artisans, merchants.,[object Object],Majority of the people.,[object Object],Limited power in government.,[object Object],Tribunes-Plebeians’s representative to the Senate. Protected rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of the patrician officials.,[object Object],12 Tablets – an important victory for the plebeians.,[object Object],All free citizens had a right to the protection of the Laws. ,[object Object]

ROMAN GOVERNMENT,[object Object],Romans boast: BALANCED GOVERNMENT,[object Object],MONARCHY (government by the King),[object Object],ARISTOCRACY (government by the Nobles),[object Object],DEMOCRACY (government by the People),[object Object],ROMAN GOVERNMENT,[object Object],EXECUTIVE,[object Object],LEGISLATIVE,[object Object],JUDICIARY,[object Object]

ROMAN GOVERNMENT,[object Object],EXECUTIVE,[object Object],CONSULS,[object Object],Commanded the army,[object Object],Directed the government,[object Object],Limited power : 1 year,[object Object],One could veto the other’s decision.,[object Object],LEGISLATIVE,[object Object],SENATE,[object Object],Composed of 300 members from the upper class of Roman Society.,[object Object],Membership was for LIFE.,[object Object],Only later when plebeians were allowed to join (10 plebeians).,[object Object],Advises consuls and controls foreign and financial policies.,[object Object]

ROMAN GOVERNMENT,[object Object],LEGISLATIVE,[object Object],ASSEMBLIES,[object Object],Centuriate,[object Object],Selects Consuls,[object Object],Makes laws,[object Object],Tribal,[object Object],Elects tribunes,[object Object],Makes laws,[object Object],JUDICIARY,[object Object],PRAETORS,[object Object],Judges of Roman government,[object Object],DICTATOR- limited power, chosen by the consuls and then elected by the Senate. He heads the government in times of crises. ,[object Object]

ROMAN ARMY,[object Object],All citizens who owned land were required to join the army.,[object Object],10 years of military service were required.,[object Object],LEGIONS – Roman military units.,[object Object],5000 armed foot soldiers grouped into a century (composed of 80 soldiers),[object Object]

EXPANSION OF ROME,[object Object],Central Italy  North and South of Italy,[object Object],265 BC, Romans became Masters of All Italy except the Po River Valley which was dominated by the Gauls.,[object Object],Rome’s location – an easy access to the riches of the lands ringing the Mediterranean Sea. ,[object Object],Roman wine,[object Object],Olive oil,[object Object],Raw materials,[object Object]

CARTHAGE AND THE PUNIC WARS,[object Object],PUNIC WARS,[object Object],The wars between Rome and Carthage.,[object Object],1st – control over Sicily and the West Mediterranean,[object Object],Lasted for 23 years,[object Object],Carthage was defeated,[object Object],2nd – Time for Carthage’s revenge,[object Object],Hannibal vs Scipio,[object Object],3rd – Cato: “Carthage must be destroyed!”,[object Object],*Rome totally controlled the Mediterranean.,[object Object]

FALL OF THE REPUBLIC,[object Object],EXPANSION,[object Object],Widening gap of rich and poor,[object Object],Latifundias,[object Object],Farmers becoming jobless and homeless,[object Object],Wealthy Romans corrupted by money and luxury,[object Object],Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus,[object Object],LIMIT THE SIZE OF THE LATIFUNDIAS,[object Object],GIVE LAND TO THE POOR,[object Object],WAR OF THE GENERALS,[object Object],Generals recruited landless poor soldiers to work them.,[object Object],Issues on Loyalty,[object Object],From the republic to the commander they serve,[object Object]

JULIUS CAESAR,[object Object],Consul of Rome,[object Object],Dominated Rome along with Crassus and Pompey (1st Triumvirate),[object Object],Strong leader and genius at military strategy,[object Object],Conquered Gaul and became its governor.,[object Object],Caesar vs Pompey,[object Object]

JULIUS CAESAR,[object Object],Roman people named him the Dictator for Life (absolute ruler).,[object Object],Assassinated by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Crassus,[object Object],What were his last words?,[object Object],2nd Triumvirate,[object Object],Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony,[object Object],Octavian- became known as Augustus or the exalted one. ,[object Object],Imperator or the supreme military commander.,[object Object],Rome was now under 1 man. ,[object Object]

HISTORY JOURNAL,[object Object],Compare and contrast Cleopatra’s Egypt and Mark Anthony and Octavian’s Rome.,[object Object],What are the most admirable and least admirable features of Cleopatra? Of Mark Anthony?,[object Object]

The Roman Civilization

The Roman Civilization

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The Roman Civilization