Steam

1. CHE 451 PROCESS CONTROL AND
INSTRUMENTATION
TURBINE
ENOCH KOFI ACQUAH 6011316
AWE SAMUEL OLUWASEUN 6019316

2. A turbine is a mechanical device which extracts energy from a
moving fluid and converts it into useful work. The turbines are
basically used to produce electricity
 The main parts of a turbine are:
 Nozzle
 Runner
 Blade
 Casing

3. Working principles
 A fast moving fluid strikes on the blades of the
turbine
 It rotates the runner ( energy of the fluid is converted
into rotational energy.
 A generator is coupled with the shaft of the turbine.
 With the rotation of the runner of the turbine, the
shaft of the generator also rotates.
 The generator converts the mechanical energy of the
runner into electrical energy.

4. Types of Turbine
 Water turbine
 Steam turbine
 Gas turbine
 Wind turbine

5. Water turbine
A turbine that extracts energy from moving water and converts it
into electrical energy, is called water turbine or hydraulic turbine.
Water turbines can be classified on the following basis:
1. Type of Energy Available at Inlet: Impulse and
Reaction turbines
2. Direction of Flow: Tangential, Axial, Radial and mixed flow
turbines
3. Head at the Inlet : high, medium and low head turbine
4. Specific Speed: high, medium and low speed turbine

6. Radial

7. Axial

8. Mixed

9. Steam turbine
A Turbine which extracts energy form the moving steam and
converts it into electrical energy.
Classifications is based on:
1. Mode of Steam Action: Impulse and reaction
2. Direction of Steam Flow: Axial and Radial
3. Exhaust Condition of Steam: condensing and non-
condensing turbine
4. Pressure of steam: high, medium, low
5. Number of stages: single and multistage

10. Gas turbine
A turbine which extracts energy from a hot moving gas
and converts it into electricity, is called gas turbine.
Classification is based on :
1. Path of working fluid: closed, open and semi- closed
2. Process of heat absorption: constant pressure and
constant volume

11. Wind turbine
A turbine which extracts energy from the fast moving
wind and converts it into electricity
Types of wind turbine
1. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT
2. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)

12. Horizontal Axis wind
Turbine

13. Vertical Axis wind
Turbine

14. Applications of turbines
 Electrical power generation
 Used in steam heated processes in plant and
factories
 Used for driving compressors
 Used to run pumps