The document discusses the different types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It provides examples and exercises to distinguish each type. Key details include: - Simple sentences contain one subject and one predicate. Compound sentences contain at least two independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions. - Complex sentences have one independent clause and one dependent clause. Compound-complex sentences contain at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause. - Sentences can also be declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory depending on their purpose and use of punctuation. Interrogative sentences ask questions using question words, tags, or inversion of subject-verb order.

1. During the learning engagement, the students should be able
to:
1. understand simple, compound,
complex and compound-complex
sentences;
2. identify the structure of a sentence in
the exercises;
3. find relevance of the topic by showing
interest in the expansion activity.
(Hardcopy)

2. STRUCTURE
OF
SENTENCES
By Venus Sarte Patual

3. Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound-complex sentence

4. Simple sentence
• May have one or more subjects and one or more predicate. It contains
one full subject and predicate.
Connectives or conjunctions are indicator of more than one subject and
more than one predicate.
We call two or more subjects joined by connectives (and, or, nor, etc.)
as compound subjects.
Two or more predicates are called compound predicates.

5. Examples:
Subjects
1. The nurse checks the nails, ears, lips, and general overall skin color. (one
subject)
2. Mucus and other secretions in the mouth must be removed to prevent
aspiration. (two subjects)
Predicates
1. A sauce is a richly flavored, thickened liquid used to complement another
dish. (one predicate)
2. The sauce selected to accompany dish should heighten its flavor, enhance
its appearance, and make it more digestible. (three predicates)

6. Coordinating Conjunctions
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
or
nd
o
ut
r
et
or
= because
= more
information
= contrast
=result/consequence
I like ice cream, and Judy likes cookies.
I like ice cream, but I don’t like cake.
Neither ice cream nor cookies are good for your
health.
I like ice cream, for it is delicious.
= alternative I could eat ice cream, or I could eat carrots.
= contrast I could carrots, yet I wouldn’t feel happy.
I will eat ice cream, so I can feel happy.
= two negative
options

7. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate

8. SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.

9. SIMPLE SENTENCE
with compound subject and compound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and
swim.

10. Compound sentence
• Consists of two independent clauses or simple
sentences joined through connectives or punctuation
marks.
• These independent clauses or simple sentences can be
joined only if their ideas are related.

11. Example:
1. The Divisoria market is very congested
and garbage is everywhere.

12. Compound Sentence
Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE

13. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

14. Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

15. Complex sentence
• Consists of one dependent clause and one independent
clause.
• In this case, the two ideas are not equal in importance;
one is subordinate and cannot stand alone as a thought
unit.

16. Examples:
1.The men, whom I have seen succeeded best in
life, have always been cheerful and hopeful
men.
2.When the clock struck twelve, the princess
became a beggar.

17. Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is bossy.
even though

18. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are
"after," "although," "as," "because,"
"before," "how," "if," "once," "since,"
"than," "that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and
while."

19. Compound-complex sentence
• Contains two or more independent clauses and
one or more dependent clauses.

20. Examples:
1.Keep wishing for something, and when you have an
opportunity to gratify your wishes, do not gratify them to
the fill, so you may never become satiated.
2.When you were born again, you automatically became
a part of God’s universal family, but you also need to
become a member of a local expression of God’s
family, according to R. Warren.

21. Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular
he is good looking,
because
he is not very happy.
but

22. Exercises
Say if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-
complex.

23. 1.The bell rang.
2.Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara
biked the second part.
3.He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the
climber moves up the rock.
4.The skier turned and jumped.
5.Naoki passed the test because he studied
hard and understood the material.

24. Answers
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Simple
5. Compound-complex

25. 1. Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we
asked her to lead our group.
2. You and I need piano lessons.
3. I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get
tickets.
4. Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys
kayaking.
5. There are many problems to solve before this program
can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able
to solve them soon.

26. Answers
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Compound
4. Compound
5. Compound-complex

27. SENTENCES AS VERBAL EXPRESSION
OF PURPOSE
As verbal expression of purpose, a sentence takes the form of:
a) A statement In Europe, only Switzerland and Austria
are more mountainous than Spain.
a) A question How old are you?
b) A request Please keep quiet.
c) An exclamation What an obnoxious manner he has!

28. Declarative Sentence
• Statement ends with a period in writing and a drop in pitch in speech.
• In statement, the subject and predicate have normal word order, that is,
the subject comes before the predicate.
Examples:
1. One of the most wonderful inventions of the past one hundred years
is the telephone.
2. The first telephone was installed in 1877.
3. An adult human being has thirty-two teeth.
4. A tree is a tall, woody plant.
5. The big part in the middle is called the trunk.

29. Interrogative sentences
There are three kinds of questions in English:
o Yes-No Questions. These are simple questions eliciting the answer yes or no only.
o Attached (or Tag) Questions. Simple technique: if your statement is affirmative,
your tag is negative; if your statement is negative, your tag is affirmative. The verb
in your tag is followed by a pronoun that corresponds to the subject of your
statement.
Examples:
1. Economically, our town is well-off isn’t it?
2. Solar energy is not limited, is it?
o Interrogative-Word Questions (WH Questions). Questions that elicit specific
information such as; a person, place time, etc.
Examples:
1. Who is he?
2. Where have you been?
3. What time is it?

30. Requests and Commands. The base form of the verb
is used for requests, commands, or instructions.
Examples:
1.Open the door.
2.Please, don’t open the door.
3.Listen.
4.Read the directions very well.
5.Please read the directions very well.

31. Exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings or
emotions. It begins with what or how.
Examples:
What sweet child she is!
How wonderful it is!
What honest driver he is!
How kind her mother is!

32. Directions: Now, read the following excerpt from the
Chapter One- of Harry Potter. Find out how the different
kinds of sentences contribute in the effectiveness of the
story.
Not for the first time, an argument had broken out over
breakfast at number four, Privet Drive. Mr.. Vernon
Dursley had been woken in the early hours of the
morning by a loud, hooting noise from his nephew
Harry’s room.
Expansion Activity