This document discusses various types and causes of water pollution. It outlines how pollution occurs when chemicals, sewage, and fertilizers are discharged into waterways without treatment. The main types are surface water pollution found in oceans, rivers and lakes, and groundwater pollution found in aquifers. Causes include industrial waste, sewage, acid rain, oil spills, and aquatic plants that absorb nutrients. Water pollution has serious negative effects on the environment, human health, and animals. It is important to take steps such as wastewater treatment, reducing plastic and conserving water to prevent further water pollution.
2. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
TYPES AND DIFFERENT CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
LAKE POLLUTION AND RIVER POLLUTION
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
EFFECT OF OIL ON OCEAN LIFE
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
I. EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
II. EFFECT ON HUMAN
III. EFFECT ON ANIMALS
SOLUTIONS AND WHAT YOU CAN DO
3. INTRODUCTION
Water is a precious resource and without it life is not possible on earth.
Water is getting polluted day by day due to excessive and careless use so the percent of available
drinking water is reducing.
There are many ways which causes water pollution and the effects of it are very harmful for all living
and nonliving objects.
4. HOW DOES WATER POLLUTION OCCUR?
water pollution occur when a lot of chemicals , sewage and fertilizers are dropped and if it is not treated
before being discharged into waterways , serious pollution is the result.
5. TYPES
◦ SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
> FOUND ON THE EXTERIOROF THE EARTH’S CRUST,OCEANS,RIVERS AND LAKES.
GROUND WATER POLLUTION
> FOUND IN SOIL OR UNDER ROCK STRUCTURE OR AQUIFERS.
6. TYPES
MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION
>Microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land animals and
humans.
OXYGEN DEPLETION POLLUTION
>Microorganisms that in water and feeds on biodegradable substance.
10. Causes of water pollution[Aquatic plants]
•Water hyacinth , an aquatic plant causes pollution in water.
•It is long leaved plant which grows faster in water bodies and absorbs all essential nutrients from
water which is fetal for marine organisms.
•It is also known as ‘Terror of Bengal’ due to its abundance.
11. LAKE POLLUTION
Water abstraction point.
Religion bathing.
Vicinity of significant outfall.
Recreational purpose.
12. RIVER POLLUTION
Large/medium polluting industries.
Religion bathing.
Source of river – pristine quality.
Filling up long distance between existing stations.
Low flow stretches.
13. EFFECT OF OIL ON OCEAN LIFE
Crude and refined petroleum
Tanker accidents and blowouts
Volatile hydrocarbons kill larvae
Oil destroys insulation and buoyancy
Slow recovery
Limited effectiveness of clean up methods
14. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION:CAUSES AND PERSISTENCE
Source of groundwater pollution.
Slow flowing : slow dilution and dispersion.
Consequence of lower dissolved oxygen.
Fewer bacteria to decompose waste.
Cooler temperatures : slow down chemical reactions.
“Degradable” and “Non-Degradable” wastes in groundwater.
18. TOXIC WASTE
Waste is considered toxic if it is poisonous, radioactive, explosive, carcinogenic (causing
cancer), mutagenic (causing damage to chromosomes), teratogenic (causing birth defects), or
bio-accumulative (that is, increasing in concentration at the higher ends of food chains).
Sources of toxic chemicals include improperly disposed wastewater from industrial plants and
chemical process facilities (lead, mercury, chromium) as well as surface runoff containing
pesticides used on agricultural areas and suburban lawns (chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor).
19. THERMAL HEATING
Heat is considered to be a water pollutant because it decreases the capacity of water to hold
dissolved oxygen in solution, and it increases the rate of metabolism of fish. Valuable species of game
fish (e.g., trout) cannot survive in water with very low levels of dissolved oxygen. A major source of
heat is the practice of discharging cooling water from power plants into rivers; the discharged water
may be as much as 15 °C (27 °F) warmer than the naturally occurring water.
20. EFFECT ON
HUMANS
Diseases caused by :
drinking contaminated water
Swimming in polluted water
Contact with chemically polluted water
21. EFFECTS ON
ANIMALS
200 turtles in Australia’s surround waters die each years.
Birds and mammals become coated with oil