Open Peer Review to Save the World

OPEN Peer Review to save the world
Michael Taylor (PhD, CPhys)
National Observatory of Athens
Patternizer AT gmail.com
alpha @libreapp

Peer review… to save the world??!
• As we move toward a Type I civilization our socio-economic
world is getting more global & interconnected…
Type I — a civilization that is able to harness all
of the power P available on a single planet
(Pearth ≈ 1.7 ×1017 W)
Type II — a civilization capable of harnessing the
luminosity of its own star (Psun ≈ 3.9 ×1026 W)
Type III — a civilization with access to energy on
the scale of the luminosity of its own galaxy
(Pmilky way ≈ 4 ×1037 W)
𝐾 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑃 − 6
10
Kardashev, Nikolai (1964) Soviet
Astronomy 8: 217Sagan (1973) Cosmic Connection.
Cambridge Press, ISBN 0-521-78303-8
…meaning that systemic impacts are more macroscopic
MICHAEL TAYLOR / openscholar.org.uk / @libreapp / patternizer@gmail.com

Modern impacts & threats are they just tabloid science
?!

The Journal Publishing Model made us think...

openscholar.org.uk
We got together with others to test new models
108 volunteers
from 17 countries

LIBRE = LIBerating REsearch but from what exactly?!
• PUBLICATION DELAYS  slow processes & embargos
• BARRIERS TO INFO  paywall$
• DEPENDENCE ON CITATION INDICES  poor stats
• COPYRIGHT LOSS  no creative re-use (we need CC-BY)
• REJECTION RATES  waste, curtail output & miss ops
• RETRACTION RATES  bad info stays in circulation
• AUTHOR CHARGES  knowledge divide
• LOW VISIBILITY  unindexed OA & “the long tail”
• LIMITED PEER-REVIEW  danger of bias with 2-3 people

Publication delays >8 months (even before any
embargo)
Björk & Solomon (2013)
Journal of Informetrics
7(4), 914-923.

Barriers to info paywall$ (and e.g. linguistic barriers)

Dependence on citation indices poor statistics

Copyright loss creates loss of creative re-use rights and
OA

Rejection Rates cause submission cascades & waste
time

Retraction Rates put lives at risk
Steen, R. G. (2011). Retractions in the medical literature: how many patients are put
at risk by flawed research?. Journal of medical ethics, 37(11), 688-692.

Figure 2. Percentage of retractions vs. percentage of 2010 Web of
Science records among 12 broad scholarly fields.
Retraction Rates may be an early warning bell about
Gold OA
Grieneisen & Zhang M (2012) PLoS
ONE 7(10): e44118.

Retraction Rates mean wrong info stays in circulation for
years
Fang, Steen & Casadevall
(2012) PNAS 109(42), 17028-
17033.

Journal Peer Review is limited, left to trust and prone to
bias

An ideal (journal-independent) model
should be …
COOPERATIVE  free & data-linked
FAST  un-moderated & zero-embargo
FAIR  accessible, OA and persistent
HONEST  transparent
INSPIRING  social & credit-giving
OBJECTIVE  collectively wise & reproducible
INNOVATIVE  open source

A new model the “Open Publication”
0-embargo
OA repositories
LIBRE
Authors
Institutes
Associations
Journals
MICHAEL TAYLOR / openscholar.org.uk / @libreapp / patternizer @gmail.com
0-embargo
OA repositories

LIBRE is our attempt at demonstrating independent peer-
review

LIBRE is open source and we welcome your input at
GitHub

www.openscholar.org.uk/independent-peer-review-initiative
Greece is the launchpad for the Independent Peer
Review Initiative

Greece is in 12th position (1.13% of the top 1% cited
articles EVER)

Greece has HUGE research output potential
Press WH (2013) What's So Special About Science (And How Much Should We Spend on
It?). Science, 342(6160), 817-822.

Greece is VERY active & innovative in OA

Beckett, C., & Inger, S. (2006).
Self-archiving and journal
subscriptions: co-existence or
competition. Publishing
Research Consortium: PRC
Summary Papers, 2.
It’s important to ask librarians what do they really want

So, can (independent) Peer Review save the world 
MAYBE
Björk, Bo-Christer et al (2009)
PloS one 5.6: e11273.
Gargouri & Harnad (2010) Eprints: August 28. 2010
HELP US TO MANDATE IPR
AT OA REPOSITORIES

Inspired by the essay…
Many thanks for your thoughts

Open Peer Review to Save the World

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