ppt on hepatitis A

1. A REVIWE ON
Hepatitis A
Guru Nanak Institute of
Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology
Presented by Palash Ghosal and co-author Pritam kayal
B.PHARM,
1ST year ,second semester,
Roll No:- 18601919066 and 18601919064
Under the Guidance of Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar, Assistant Professor, GNIPST

2. CONTENT
• What is Hepatitis?
• Types of Viral Hepatitis?
• What is Hepatitis A?
• Causes of Hepatitis A Virus?
• Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis A?
• Diagnosis of Hepatitis A?
• Treatment of Hepatitis A?
• Vaccination of Hepatitis A?

3. What is Hepatitis?
• Hepatitis is the inflammation of the
tissue of the liver.
• most common cause of this disease is
by viral infection
• the disease can also occur secondary
to
• heavy alcohol intake
• certain medications
• autoimmune diseases
• non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

4. Types of Viral Hepatitis?
• Viral hepatitis is classified into five different
types.
• Because each of them express different
symptoms and require different treatments.
• There are five main types of viral hepatitis
they are:
Hepatitis Virus Type A
Hepatitis Virus Type B
Hepatitis Virus Type C
Hepatitis Virus Type D
Hepatitis Virus Type E

5. What is Hepatitis A?
• The Hepatitis A disease is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus
is spread primarily when an uninfected or unvaccinated individual
ingests food or water that is contaminated with the faeces of an infected
person (This tells us that the virus is spread by faecal-oral transmission).
• The disease is also closely related with inadequate sanitation and poor
personal hygiene and is a self-limited disease that does not result in
chronic infection.

6. Causes of Hepatitis A Virus?
• Hepatitis A is caused by a virus that infects liver
cells and causes inflammation. This inflammation
affect the ability of the liver to function normally.
• The virus most commonly spreads when one eats or
drinks something contaminated with fecal matter.
• Eating food handled by someone with the virus
who doesn't thoroughly wash their hands after
using the toilet.
• Eating raw shellfish from water polluted with
sewage.
• Being in close contact with a person who's
infected, even if that person has no signs or
symptoms
• Having sex with someone who has the virus.

7. Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis A?
The first symptoms of the hepatitis A infection can be mistaken for an influenza virus, but some
individuals (especially children) may exhibit no symptoms at all. Symptoms typically appear 2 to 6
weeks after the initial infection ( because this is the virus incubation period). The signs and
symptoms of an hepatitis A virus may include:
 Sudden nausea and vomiting
 Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially on the upper right side beneath the lower ribs (by the
liver)
 Clay-colored bowel stools and Dark urine
 Loss of appetite and Fatigue
 Low-grade fever and Joint pain
 Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice)
 Intense itching
 Encephalopathy

8. Diagnosis of Hepatitis A?
• Although the hepatitis A virus is only excreted in the feces
towards the end of the incubation period, we will be able to
detect specific IgM antibodies in the blood much sooner.
• The IgM antibody is only present in the blood following
an acute hepatitis A infection.
• It is detectable from 1-2 weeks after the initial infection and
persists for up to 14 weeks.
• The presence of IgG antibodies in the blood means the acute
stage of the illness has passed and the person is immune to
further infection.
• IgG antibodies indicate a past infection and are also found in
the blood following vaccination.
• During the acute stage of the infection, the liver
enzyme alanine transferase (ALT) will show greatly
increased blood levels. This enzyme is released from the
liver cells damaged by the virus.

9. Treatment of Hepatitis A?
No specific treatment for hepatitis A is
currently known. The recovery from
symptoms following infection may take
several weeks or months.
The medications which are prescribed are
aimed at maintaining comfort and adequate
nutritional balance, including replacement
of fluids lost from vomiting and diarrhea.
Avoid alcohol and use medications –
The liver will have difficulty processing
medications and alcohol and can cause more
liver damage.
In patients whose liver failure is so complete
that it has led to encephalopathy or cerebral
edema, timely liver transplantation is often
the only option

10. Vaccination of Hepatitis A?
• The hepatitis A vaccine was first introduced in 1995, and
since then has saved millions of people around the world
from becoming infected!
• hepatitis A virus is generally spread from person to person
and easy to catch vaccination is highly recommended.
Although hepatitis A does not present with serious signs and
symptoms, it's still dangerous.
• In very rare cases, the virus can cause liver failure and even
death.
• Two types of vaccines currently exist for the hepatitis A
virus. They are the inactivated hepatitis A virus or a live but
attenuated virus.
• The vaccine is able to protect against HAV in more than
95% of cases for longer than 25 years.

11. References
• Koenig KL, Shastry S, Burns MJ. Hepatitis A Virus: Essential
Knowledge and a Novel Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Frontline
Healthcare Providers. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18(6):1000-1007.
doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.10.35983
• Linder KA, Malani PN. Hepatitis A. JAMA. 2017;318(23):2393.
doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17244
• Koenig, Kristi L et al. “Hepatitis A Virus: Essential Knowledge and a
Novel Identify-Isolate-Inform Tool for Frontline Healthcare
Providers.” The western journal of emergency medicine vol. 18,6
(2017): 1000-1007. doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.10.35983

12. Thank You