2. •The existence of the civilization was found
accidentally.
•In 1856, when two British engineers were laying
railway lines in Punjab, they came across the ruins of
ancient city.
•In 1921, Dayaram Sahni, an archaeologist,
discovered the ruins of Harapppa on the banks of
the river Ravi.
•In 1922-23, R D Banerjee, an archaeological officer
came across the remains in Mohenjo-Daro.
5. •Harappa was originally a farming village. As
food was available in plenty to support the
large settlements, the village flourished.
•People had adequate free time to engage in
creative activities and occupations.
•Rivers acted as a means of transport
• Exchange of goods led to trade.
•The population increased and Harappa
became a trading centre.
•It became a city in 2200 B C.
6. •They were well developed urban
centers.
•Buildings were sturdy, made of
burnt brick and stone.
•The great town buildings show the
architectural skill of harappans.
7.
8. •The Indus Valley people built cities with proper planning and
according to a set pattern.
•A typical city could house about 40,000 people.
•The city was generally divided into two sections- the upper
town called the citadel and the lower town.
•The citadel was fortified and built on a raised platform or a
mound.
•It protected people from floods and contained important
public buildings.
•The lower town, which was at a lower level, contained houses
for the people living in the city.
9. •Indus valley people were skilled
builders.
•The buildings were of two types-
public buildings and dwelling houses
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. Another important building at
Mohenjodaro.
It was a huge public tank.
It was a large complex and had six
entrances, a central bathing pool, dressing
room on all sides and an adjacent well.
There were steps leading to the bottom
of the pool from two sides.
16.
17. The Town hall was found at
Mohenjodaro.
It was like an assembly hall which
was used for taking important
decisions.
It must be a prayer hall or a palace.
18.
19.
20.
21. •Drains were built alongside the roads.
•Kitchens and bathrooms had drains
which were connected to street drains.
• the drains were covered with stone
slabs which could be removed in order
to clean them.
•They had manholes at regular intervals.
30. •With Ancient Mesopotamia,Persia and
Afghanisthan.
•Cotton, copper, cattle, grain, pottery and
jewellery
•Variety of weights and measures were used
and trade was carried.
•Barter system
•Bullock carts, boats and ships were used for
transport.
•A dockyard has been found at Lothal.
