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Cancer - I
1. Current trends & Perspectives
in
Cancer Control
(Part – I)
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India
2.
3. Dedication
This presentation is dedicated to all
Cancer patients across the globe and
may our efforts, towards research in
this area benefit those who are
fighting the dangerous disease
5. Cancer
₪Second leading cause of death worldwide
₪Multifactorial process:
₪ Cellular transformation
₪ Hyper proliferation
₪ Metastatic lesions
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6. Cancer
₪The word “Kaensar” known medically as a
malignant neoplasm is a broad group of diseases
involving unregulated cell growth
₪Cancer: a deadly disease
₪A very lethal life threatening terrible disease
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7. Cancer
₪It is rapidly affecting the people all over the
world without any discrimination of age, race,
wealth or status in society
₪Pathetic disease with miserable side effects
₪There are more than 200 different known
cancers that affect humans
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8. Cancer
₪Cancer cells divide and grow uncontrollably
forming malignant tumours and invading nearby
parts of the body
₪Not all tumours are cancerous
₪Causes are diverse and complex
₪Cancer spread to more distant parts of the body
through the lymphatic system / bloodstream
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10. History of Cancer
₪Cancer has existed for all human history
₪Earliest written record of cancer is in circa 1600
B.C. in Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus ….
described “Breast cancer”
₪Hippocrates ca 460 B.C. – ca 370 B.C. described
several kinds of cancer
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11. History of Cancer
₪Cancer Greek word “Karkinos” means Crab or
Cray fish
₪Celsus ca 25 B.C. – 50 A.D. translated Karkinos
to Latin word “Cancer”. He recommended
surgery treatment for cancer
₪Galen (2nd century A.D.) disagreed with surgery
and recommended purgatives for respondent
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12. History of Cancer
₪15 th – 17 th centuries study of causes of cancer
were experimented after dissection of the body
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14. Types of Cancer
TYPE ORIGIN NAMES
CARCINOMA Epithelial cells
In aged people, Common –
breast, prostate, colon…..
SARCOMA Connective tissue
Bone, cartilage, fat nerve
cancers
LYMPHOMA
Hematopoietic
(blood forming)
Leukaemia most common in
children
GERM CELL TUMOUR Pluripotent cells Testicle, ovarian cancer
BLASTOMA Embryonic tissue Common in most children
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17. Symptoms: Cancer Metastasis
CANCER BODY PART SYMPTOMS
Brain Headache, seizures, vertigo
Respiratory Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspanoea
Lymph nodes Lymphaclenopathy
Liver Hepatomegaly, Jaundice
Skeletal system
Pain, fractures, spinal and
compression
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20. Stat of cancer
₪The incidence of Lung cancer is highly co-
related with tobacco smoking…. 9% lung cancer
₪In western Europe 10% cancers in males and
3% in females are attributed to alcohol
₪Tobacco smoke contains > 50 carcinogens
₪200,000 people die worldwide every year
PPRC/INDIA17
21. Stat of cancer
₪High processed food, red meat are also said to
be major cause of cancer growth
₪A high salt diet linked to gastric cancer, aflatoxin
B, with Liver cancer, Betel nut chewing with oral
cancer
₪Gastric cancer more in Japan due to high salt
diet
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22. Stat of cancer
₪U.S. estimates 20,000 cancer deaths 40,000 new
cases each year are attributed to “occupation”
₪Obesity cause in 14 – 20% of all cancer deaths
₪Diet, physical inactivity and obesity 30 – 35% of
cancer deaths
₪Diets that are low in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains are linked with number of cancers
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23. Stat of cancer
₪Worldwide 18% of cancer deaths due to
infectious diseases, high in Africa (25%) and low
in developed world (10%)
₪Upto 10% of cancers are caused due to
radiation
₪Hereditary cancers contribute to 3 – 10%
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24. Stat of cancer
₪Some hormones play a major role in division of
cells by promoting cell proliferation
₪Sex linked cancers:
₪ Breast
₪ Endometrium
₪ Prostate
₪ Ovary
₪ Testis
₪ Thyroid
₪ Bone
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26. Stat of cancer in India
₪500,000 people succumb to cancer / year
₪300 cancer hospitals / centres in India
₪40% of India: No appropriate facility for
fighting with cancer
₪Ratio of doctor: patient – 1 : 2000
₪By 2015 …….. Cancer patients 700,000
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27. Stat of cancer in India
₪Most specific cancers in India:
₪ Lung cancer
₪ Ovarian cancer
₪ Cervical cancer
₪ Breast cancer
₪According to “Indian Republic” Press – Cancer
incidence likely to rise five fold in India by 2025
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29. 10 most deadly types on cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Ovarian cancer
Leukaemia
Prostate cancer
Liver cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Breast cancer
Colorectal cancer
Stomach cancer
Lung cancer
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30. Top celebrities who survived cancer
Sharon
Osbourne
T.V. host, businesswoman,
author, music promoter
Colon cancer
Robert de Niro
American actor, Producer,
Director
Prostate gland
cancer
Christina
Applegate
American actress Breast cancer
Kylie Minogue
Australian singer, actress,
record artist, songwriter
Breast cancer
Tom Green
Canadian actor, comedian,
writer
Testicular
cancer
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31. Top celebrities who survived cancer
Lance
Armstrong
Racing cyclist
Testicular
cancer
Michael Douglas
American producer,
director
Throat cancer
Yuvraj Singh Famous Indian Cricketer
Mediastinal
seminoma
Manisha Koirala
Indian actress, social
activist
Ovarian cancer
Lisa Ray
Canadian actress, Model,
Philanthropist
Multiple
myelana
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35. Significant cancers in Science
₪Bile duct cancer
₪Bladder cancer
₪Bone cancer
₪Brain tumour
₪Breast cancer
₪Bronchial tumours
₪Cardiac tumours
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37. Significant cancers in Science
₪Cervical cancer
₪Colon cancer
₪Colo-rectal cancer
₪Embryonal tumours
₪Esophageal cancer
₪E wing sarcoma
₪Eye cancer
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39. Significant cancers in Science
₪Gall bladder cancer
₪Gastric cancer
₪Gastrointestinal cancer
₪Germ cell tumour
₪Head and neck cancer
₪Heart cancer
₪Liver cancer
PPRC/INDIA36
41. Significant cancers in Science
₪Kidney cancer
₪Laryngeal cancer
₪Lung cancer
₪Mouth cancer
₪Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
₪Neuroblastoma
₪Oral cancer
PPRC/INDIA38
43. Significant cancers in Science
₪Ovarian cancer
₪Salivary gland cancer
₪Skin cancer
₪Stomach cancer
₪Testicular cancer
₪Throat cancer
₪Thyroid cancer
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