As part of managing the health and safety of your business you must control the risks in your workplace. To do this you need to think about what might cause harm to people and decide whether you are taking reasonable steps to prevent that harm. This is known as risk assessment and it is something you are required by law in most parts of the world. People are often put off by the idea of Risk Assessment because they think it is over complicated, difficult to complete and unnecessary. You may have already taken steps to protect your employees, this webinar will help you decide whether you have covered all you need to as per the requirements of OHSAS 18001?
Following points will be covered:
• Overview of Different Methods available for Risk Assessment
• Concept of HAZID, HAZAN, HAZOP, Risk Assessment, Risk Evaluation and Risk Management
• Risk Matrix
• As Low as Reasonably Practicable – ALARP
• Hierarchy of Risk Control
• Material, Environment, Equipment, People
Mr. Muhammad Dawood is currently working as General Manager at Sustainable Business Solutions. With graduation in Chemical Engineering and MSc Engineering in Process Safety and Loss Prevention, Dawood has diversified experience in the occupational health & safety sector and have worked in services, fertilizer, oil and gas and mechanical construction industries. During these years he had the experience of Risk Assessments for OHS, behaviour, fire and Explosion, Participate in HAZOP meetings, working on different NFPA standards, hazardous area classification, developing and implementing OHSAS 18001, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, Implementing People based safety programmes, TNA, Emergency Response planning and implementation, incident investigations, site HSE plans etc. He not only has rich experience of system development but also have performed audits of above mentioned standards. He is Approved trainer to deliver more than 30 Internationally Accredited courses including ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 14001 and has delivered 7000+ man-days of trainings.
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
PECB Webinar: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Determining Controls – Foundation Stone of OHSAS 18001
1.
2. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and
Determining Controls – Foundation Stone of OHSAS 18001
Muhammad Dawood
General Manager
Sustainable Business Solution
muhammad.dawood@sbs.org.pk
info@sbs.org.pk
3. • To enable the participants to carry out risk assessments
in their own areas of responsibility.
• To develop competent teams who can further lead OHS
risk assessments at their respective locations.
• To develop competence for prioritization of OHS Risks
for implementation of operational controls
Objectives
4. 4
Introduction
• What is Risk Assessment?
• It is the careful examination of what could
cause harm to people, equipment,
environment or property.
5. Why Risk Assessment?
• Legal requirement
• To meet the requirements of OHSAS 18001.
• To know the OH&S hazards and risks involved in our
jobs.
• To classify high risk activities, processes and to
establish objectives and / or controls to avoid harm
humans & assets by eliminating or controlling hazards
and risks.
• Prevent Death and personal injury and the direct and indirect
costs that follow on from accidents
6. • “reasonable practicability”
– balance of cost vs risk of harm
– Cost is time, effort and money
• Basis of a risk assessment
Reasonably Practicable
7. • Accident
• Injury accident
• Damage only accident
• Near-miss
• Dangerous occurrence
• Work related Ill-health
Types of Incident
10. • Competent people
– training, knowledge, experience
• Team approach is beneficial
– workers familiar with tasks
– H&S specialists
– technical specialists
– line managers
– worker safety representatives
Risk Assessors
11. • State the name/competence of assessor
• Identify significant hazards and risks
• Identify persons at risk
– Workers and others e.g. visitors and vulnerable
• Evaluate current controls
• Identify additional controls
• Enable employer to priorities controls
• Appropriate to nature of work
• Proportionate to risks
• State time period valid
Suitable and Sufficient Risk Assessment
14. Safety
Physical injury:
•Slips, trips and falls
•Falling objects
•Collisions
•Trapping/crushing
•Machinery
•Electricity
•Transport
•Chemicals
•Drowning
•Asphyxiation
•Fire/explosion
•Animals
•Violence
Health
Occupational disease or ill-health:
•Physical
•Chemical
•Biological
•Ergonomic
•Psychological
Step 1: Identify The Hazards
Use M.E.E.P.
15. In both manufacturing and non-manufacturing
operations personnel face a range of hazards everyday
and some of these hazards are not very obvious! By
analysing accidents and other incidents we can identify
areas for improvement.
The Range of Hazards
16. Hazard - Source, situation or act with a potential of
harm in terms of human injury or health or
combination of these ( OHSAS 18001)
Some Basic definition
17. Risk – combination of the likelihood of an occurrence
of a hazardous event or exposure, multiplied by the
severity of injury of ill health that can be caused by
the event or exposure
Some Basic definition
18. • Employees
• Maintenance staff
• Cleaners
• Contractors
• Visitors
• Members of the public
Step 2: Identify People at Risk
Lone Workers, New and Expectant
Mothers, Disabled
19. What is risk?
It is a measure of the likelihood of harm
occurring and the severity of that harm.
Or to put it more simply:
Risk = Likelihood × Severity
Step 3: Evaluate the Risk
20. Consequence Description
1 - MINOR Minor injuries only; First Aid treatment required.
2 - MODERATE
Injuries which could result in temporary disability;
Medical treatment required; whenever there is a
possibility that long term effect of activity can cause
some disability or health problem such as hearing
loss; asthma etc.
3 - MAJOR
Serious injuries that could result in permanent
disability; Hospitalisation admission required.
4 - SEVERE Death or permanent disability to 1-2 persons.
5 - CATASTROPHIC Several fatalities.
Likelihood Description
5 - CERTAIN
It is expected to occur at some time in the near future
(daily).
4 - LIKELY Will probably occur in most circumstances (weekly).
3 - POSSIBLE Might occur at some time (monthly).
2 - UNLIKELY Could occur at some time (six months to a year).
1 - RARE
The event could occur in exceptional circumstances
only
Step 3: Evaluate the Risk
21. LEVEL OF RISK
LIKELIHOOD
CONSEQUENCES
Minor Moderate Major Severe Catastrophic
1 2 3 4 5
Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25
Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20
Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15
Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10
Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5
LEGEND
20-25 EXTREME RISK
Immediate action required. If possible, the activity
should be ceased immediately
12-18 HIGH RISK
Notify supervisor and safety and health
representative and implement immediate action to
minimize injury. remedial action required within two
working days
6-10
MODERATE
RISK
Implement immediate action to minimize injury e.g.
Signs; supervisor remedial action required within
five working days
1-5 LOW RISK
Remedial action within one month (if possible),
supervisor attention required
Risk Assessment Matrix
22. Q1. Of being run over by a vehicle when
crossing the road in the Thar desert ?
Estimate The Risk
23. Q2. Of being run over by a vehicle when
crossing a busy roads in Karachi?
Estimate The Risk
24. Q3. Of being run over when crossing a
quiet cycle path in the countryside?
Estimate The Risk
27. Eliminate the hazard
Reduce or substitute the hazard
I solate (people from hazard/ hazard from people)
C ontrol exposure (engineering, Management)
Personal protective equipment
Hierarchy of Control
28. • Refer to your procedure
Priorities and Time Scale
Risk Priority
20-25 Extreme First priority
12-18 High Second priority
6-10 Medium Third Priority
1-5 Low Forth Priority
29. Typical content:
• Activity/area assessed and hazards
• Groups at risk
• Evaluation of risks and adequacy of existing
control measures
• Further precautions needed
• Date and name of
competent person
Step 4: Record Your Findings
30. Significant change in:
• Process
• Substances
• Equipment
• Workplace environment
• Personnel
• Law
If it is no longer valid
• Accident
• Near miss
• Ill-health
Periodically e.g. annually
Step 5: Review Your Findings
Notas do Editor
Discuss examples of
Accident ratios (often referred to as accident triangles) display the relationship between numbers of accidents with different outcomes. Research shows that this relationship forms a triangle, with the most serious outcomes being the least numerous (at the top) and those with proportionally higher numbers but less serious results forming the base. There are a number of different triangles used to display these relationships; one proposed by Bird
Important point is to mention
Ratio numbers change depending on the study (this is one example only)
It doesn’t mean that every near miss could result in a fatality – its simply a ratio which means the more we report and eliminate the less chance we have of having injuries and fatalities
Serious accidents tend to happen randomly and are hard to predict
Acting to eliminate near misses will prevent injuries
There is an excellent free DVD from SGS scaffold called “the cost of accidents” which illustrates this beautifully!!
Stress that this is an approach detailed in the UK in HSE publications
Use discussion and explanation of the 1-5 scales to take the students from identification of likelihood and severity through to a risk rating. Then show them the risk assessment matrix on the following slide.
Explain that this is just one approach and that there is no prescribed process which must be followed – it depends upon the needs of the organisation (as we discussed earlier)
This is an aide memoire that we encountered earlier. Some students may like to use it.
A straightforward link can be made between the level of risk associated with a particular hazard and the prioritisation of that hazard: the higher the risk the higher the priority.
You might also assume that a high risk demands a short timescale for corrective action and a low risk can be allowed to persist for a longer period of time, but there are two problems with this simple link:
• A low risk level might be low priority, but it might also have a very simple, low cost remedy. A law court might not accept that a long timescale could be applied to a simple, low cost remedy; it should be implemented immediately because it can be done immediately.
• A medium risk might demand a medium priority, but that does not necessarily mean that a law court would accept that an intermediate timescale would be acceptable. The level of risk to workers should always be acceptable - not just acceptable after 24 hours of working.
This may mean that some interim precautions are put in place which control tolerable risk to an acceptable level but do not represent to be an ideal long-term solution to the problem.