McMaster University, Dr. Schofield ReGenX Demonstration Protocol

Proprietary and Confidential
ReGenX Generator and ReGen-X Motor
Demonstration Protocols
McMaster and Waterloo University EV
Regenerative Acceleration Innovation
Demonstrations
Prepared by Thane C. Heins
ReGenXtra Co-founder and CTO
February 20th, 2017
This document outlines the demonstration protocols which will be used to demonstrate
and explain the operation of the ReGenX Regenerative Acceleration Generator
and the ReGen-X Regenerative Acceleration Motor prototype innovations.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Primary Area of Research & Development.............................................................................................3
1.1 ReGenX Generator and ReGen-X Motor.............................................................................................3
2.0 ReGenX Generator Demonstration Protocol Prototype No. 1...............................................................4
2.1 Demonstration Initiation.....................................................................................................................5
3.0 ReGenX Generator Demonstration Protocol Prototype No. 2...............................................................7
3.1 Demonstration Initiation.....................................................................................................................7
3.2 Operating Prototype No. 2 Below the ReGenX Generator Coil’s Critical Minimum Frequency.........8
4.0 Factors that Dictate the ReGenX Generator Coil’s Regenerative Acceleration and Regenerative
Braking Modes ..............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Transitioning ReGenX Generator coil inductor operation to ReGenX Generator coil capacitor
operation...................................................................................................................................................9
5.0 Regenerative Acceleration ReGen-X Motor Demonstration Part 3......................................................12
5.1 ReGen-X Motor Demonstration Initiation ........................................................................................13
6.0 Induction Motor Current; Torque and Power Factor Speed.................................................................14
7.0 Terms and Definitions...........................................................................................................................15

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1.0 Primary Area of Research & Development
1.1 ReGenX Generator and ReGen-X Motor
Investigating novel and innocuous methods of harvesting induced magnetic field energy in
electric generators, electric motors and transformers.
Lenz’s Law of Induction Governing the Operation of all Current Electric Generators
(Electric Circuits and Machines 6th
Edition Lister)
1. An induced EMF (voltage) will cause a current to flow in a closed circuit in such a
direction that its magnetic effect will produce a Counter-Electromagnetic-Torque
which will oppose the change that produces it.
2. This law follows directly from the Law of Conservation of energy; that is, to cause an
induced current to flow through a load and for power to be dissipated through that
load requires the expenditure of energy.
3. In the case of a generator, when current flows from the generator to the load,
electric energy is expended in the load.
The magnetic field produced by the load current is always in a direction that causes it to react with the generator’s
main field to oppose the turning action of the prime mover driving the generator.
4. Thus the greater the current magnitude supplied to the load, the greater the induced
electromagnetic reaction and in turn the greater the mechanical energy required to
be supplied by the prime mover.
Lenz's Law of Induction is shown by the negative sign in Faraday’s Law of
Induction:
ReGenX Generator Principle governing Future Electric Generators
The ReGenX Generator introduces a Load Current Delay into electric generator operation
such that:

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1. In a ReGenX Generator an induced voltage will cause a delayed current to flow
through a load in such a direction that its delayed net magnetic effect will produce a
Complementary-Electromagnetic-Torque that will assist the change that produces it.
2. The delayed net magnetic effect produced by the ReGenX Generator’s delayed net
load current is always in a direction to assist the turning action of the prime mover.
3. The ReGenX Generator’s 45-90 degree load current delay which delays, in the time
domain, the net induced magnetic effect in a salient pole generator coil
configuration such that the load current sine wave crest (load current & induced
magnetic field peak magnitude) occurs after the rotating magnetic field pole has
already passed the coil’s core at top dead centre.
4. This load current delay and the subsequent delayed induced magnetic effect
accelerates the rotor pole magnet’s departure away from the coil while also
simultaneously accelerating the opposite rotor magnetic pole which is approaching
the coil.
5. In the case of the ReGenX Generator’s operation, an induced current is caused to
flow through a load and for power to be dissipated through that load but does not
require the expenditure of energy.
The ReGenX Generator Principle is shown by the positive sign in Faraday’s Law of
Induction:
2.0 ReGenX Generator Demonstration Protocol Prototype No. 1
The ReGenX Generator demonstration consists of two prototypes.
Prototype No. 1 (as shown in schematic diagram No. 1) employs a salient pole E-core
upon which is wound:
 a conventional low-impedance, high-current generator coil, and
 a high-impedance, high-voltage ReGenX coil
Prototype No. 1 is used solely for demonstration purposes in order to illustrate each coil’s
load current sine wave and their relative positions to each other in the time domain on an
oscilloscope.
Both coils are wound on the same physical core to ensure that the voltages induced in each
coil occur in the identical time domain and are produced from identical physical rotor
magnetic field poles.

5
The conventional coil and the ReGenX coil are both connected to identical purely resistive
loads (PF =1) to ensure that the voltage and current in each coil are in phase.
The conventional coil’s load current sine wave establishes the relative physical position of
the rotor magnets as they approach and pass by the E-core.
2.1 Demonstration Initiation
The demonstration starts once the prime mover has accelerated Prototype No.1’s rotor up
to a no-load steady-state speed and the prime mover delivers static torque to the
generator’s drive shaft at close to 100% of the prime mover’s rated speed.
Once Prototype No.1’s driveshaft has reached rotational equilibrium, all angular acceleration
ceases and net driveshaft torque and net drive shaft mechanical power both equal 0.
According to Newton’s 1st
Law, when the net torque on a rotatable object is zero, it will be in
rotational equilibrium and not able to acquire angular acceleration or angular deceleration
unless acted upon by an outside force.
According to the Work Energy Principle, the change in kinetic energy of the system i.e. an
increase or a decrease in its kinetic energy, is equal to the net work performed on the
system.
Once rotational equilibrium has been reached, the conventional generator coil is engaged, a
closed circuit is established, load current is allowed to flow from the coil through the load
and energy is dissipated in the load.
The conventional generator coil is observed to operate according to Lenz’s Law whereby:
 System deceleration is observed denoting that the net drive shaft torque and
mechanical power have both decreased.
 Work is performed by the conventional coil’s induced magnetic field energy and
Counter-Electromotive-Torque that is produced which reduces the net drive shaft
torque, mechanical drive-shaft power, system speed and system kinetic energy.
 A prime mover input power increase is observed denoting that the prime mover is
delivering increasing amounts of dynamic torque and mechanical power to the
generator’s drive shaft.
 Eventually the prime mover’s increased torque delivered to the drive shaft is enough
to reestablish dynamic rotational equilibrium and a new steady-state speed can be
observed which is reduced from the original no-load speed.
 In order to reestablish the higher operating speed which was originally established at
no load, additional power must be supplied to the prime mover and additional work
must be performed whereby the drive shaft torque and mechanical power must be
increased sufficiently enough to overcome the conventional generator’s load current
induced magnetic field energy and the Counter-Electromagnetic-Torque and the work
it performs changing (reducing) the kinetic energy of the system according to the
Work-Energy Principle.
 The load current magnitude flowing from the coil through the load can be observed.
 The conventional generator coil’s load current sine wave can be observed on the
oscilloscope.

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With the conventional generator coil still engaged and while the coil’s magnetic field energy,
created around the conventional generator coil’s windings, is still performing work
decelerating the system via its induced Counter-Electromagnetic-Torque and while at
rotational equilibrium, the ReGenX Generator coil is then placed on load and connected to
its identical purely resistive load.
The ReGenX Generator coil is observed to operate according to the ReGenX Generator
Principle whereby:
 System Regenerative Acceleration is observed denoting that the net drive shaft
torque and mechanical power have both increased.
 The load current magnitude and power dissipated through the load can be observed
to be increased instantaneously.
 A prime mover input power decrease is observed denoting that the prime mover is
doing less work and is delivering decreased amounts of torque and mechanical power
to the generator’s drive shaft due to the Complementary-Electromagnetic-Torque
produced by the ReGenX Generator coil’s delayed load current while the generator’s
output, current voltage and power dissipated in the load (work being performed)
have all increased.
 The instantaneous load current increase aspect of ReGenX Generator operation over
the conventional coil’s load current magnitude is not due to increased rotor
frequency and an increase in magnetic flux change rate in the coil, but rather is due
to Flux Harvesting whereby the ReGenX Generator coil’s discharging induced
magnetic field energy from the ReGenX coil performs two forms of work: 1)
accelerating the generator’s rotor and increasing the kinetic energy of the system,
and 2) increasing the magnitude of the changing magnetic fields in the conventional
coil (rotor magnetic flux + ReGenX Generator induced flux) and subsequently the
conventional coil’s induced voltage and current and the power dissipated through the
load and the work performed.
 Flux Harvesting occurs because the ReGenX Generator coil’s net discharging
magnetic field polarity is the same direction as the rotor’s magnetic field polarity and
they add together .
 Eventually the ReGenX Generator’s dynamic torque delivered to the drive shaft
plateaus and dynamic rotational equilibrium is reestablished. A new steady-state
speed can be observed which is increased above the original no-load steady-state
speed.
 System on-load steady-state speed is observed to be increased over the original idle
no load steady state speed.
 Prime mover input power consumption with the ReGenX Generator on load is
observed to be less than what was required at idle on no load.
 In order to reestablish the original reduced operating speed which was originally
established at no load, a further reduction in input power must be supplied to the
prime mover and reduced work must be performed by the prime mover. The drive
shaft torque and mechanical power must be decreased sufficiently enough to
compensate adequately for the ReGenX Generator’s delayed load current, the
delayed induced magnetic field energy, the Complementary-Electromagnetic-
Torque, and the work it performs changing (increasing) the kinetic energy of the
system according to the Work- Energy Principle.

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 The conventional generator coil’s and ReGenX Generator coil’s load current sine
waves can both be observed on the oscilloscope where the ReGenX Generator’s load
current sine wave can be observed to be delayed by about 50 degrees.
3.0 ReGenX Generator Demonstration Protocol Prototype No. 2
Prototype No. 2 (as shown in schematic diagram No 2) employees salient pole C cores
upon which are wound:
 two individual low-impedance, high-current ReGenX Generator coils.
Prototype No. 2 represents the ReGenX Generator’s mature IP in commercialization-
readiness mode.
Prototype No. 2 is designed to demonstration the ReGenX Generator operating in
Regenerative Acceleration Mode above the coil’s Critical Minimum Frequency and in
regenerative braking mode below it.
Both ReGenX coils charge lead acid batteries when placed on load.
3.1 Demonstration Initiation
to a no-load steady-state speed and the prime mover delivers static torque to the
Once Prototype No.2’s driveshaft has reached rotational equilibrium and all angular
acceleration has ceased, the net driveshaft torque and net mechanical power both equal
zero.
As with Prototype No. 1 and also according to Newton’s 1st
Law; when the net torque on a
rotatable object is zero, it will be in rotational equilibrium and not able to acquire angular
acceleration or angular deceleration unless acted upon by an outside force.
According to the Work-Energy Principle, the change in kinetic energy of the system i.e. an
increase or a decrease in its kinetic energy, is equal to the net work performed on the
system.
Once rotational equilibrium has been reached, the ReGenX Generator coils are placed on
load, a closed circuit is established and load current is allowed to flow from the ReGenX coils
through the loads and energy is stored in the loads.
The ReGenX Generator coils are observed to operate according to the ReGenX Generator
Principle whereby:
 System Regenerative Acceleration is observed denoting that the net drive shaft
torque and net mechanical power have both increased.
 A prime mover input power decrease is observed denoting that the prime mover is
doing less work and is delivering decreased amounts of torque and mechanical power
to the generator’s drive shaft due to the Complementary-Electromagnetic-Torque

8
produced by the ReGenX Generator coil’s delayed load current while the generator’s
output is doing work charging the batteries.
 The greater the magnitude of work performed by the ReGenX Generator coils (i.e.
the greater the generator’s load current magnitude and the faster the rate of battery
recharge), the greater the reduction in prime mover energy and supplied work and
drive shaft torque.
 The instantaneous load current increase aspect of ReGenX Generator’s Flux
Harvesting can also be observed between the two ReGenX Generator coils whereby
ReGenX Generator coil No. 1’s discharging induced electromagnetic field energy is
collected in ReGenX Generator coil No. 2’s core, increasing the net flux magnitude in
the coil’s core and vice versa such that the rotor supplied magnetic flux and each
ReGenX coil’s induced electromagnetic fluxes add together.
 It is observed that the magnetic field energy delivered by the ReGenX coil performs
two forms of work: 1) accelerating the generator’s rotor and increasing the kinetic
energy of the system, and 2) charging and storing energy in the batteries.
 Eventually the ReGenX Generator’s dynamic torque delivered to the drive shaft
plateaus and transitions to delivering static torque. Rotational equilibrium is
reestablished and a new steady state speed can be observed.
 New system on load steady state speed is observed to be increased over idle no load
steady state speed.
 Prime mover input power consumption is observed to be less than what was required
at idle on no load.
 In order to reestablish the original reduced no load operating speed, a further
reduction in input power must be supplied to the prime mover. Reduced work must
be performed by the prime mover whereby the drive shaft torque and mechanical
power must be decreased sufficiently enough to compensate adequately for the
ReGenX Generator’s delayed load current and the delayed induced magnetic field
energy that produced the Complementary-Electromagnetic-Torque and the work it
performs changing (increasing) the kinetic energy of the system according to the
Work-Energy Principle.
3.2 Operating Prototype No. 2 Below the ReGenX Generator Coil’s Critical Minimum
Frequency
The ReGenX Generator coils in Prototype No. 2 may also be operated as conventional
generator coils in regenerative braking mode which is accomplished by operating the coils
below their Critical Minimum Frequency.
to a no load steady state speed and the prime mover delivers static torque to the
Once rotational equilibrium has been reached, the ReGenX Generator coils are placed on
load, a closed circuit is established and load current is allowed to flow from the ReGenX coils
through the loads, and energy is stored in the loads.
The ReGenX Generator coils when operated below the Critical Minimum Frequency are
observed to operate as conventional, regenerative braking generator coils and according to
Lenz’s Law of Induction whereby:

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 System deceleration is observed denoting that the net drive shaft torque and
mechanical power have both decreased.
 Work is performed by the ReGenX coils in conventional mode and an induced
magnetic field energy and a Counter-Electromagnetic-Torque is produced which
reduces the net drive shaft torque, mechanical drive shaft power, system speed and
system kinetic energy while the battery is being charged.
 A prime mover input power increase is observed denoting that the prime mover is
delivering increasing amounts of dynamic torque and mechanical power to the
generator’s drive shaft.
4.0 Factors that Dictate the ReGenX Generator Coil’s
Regenerative Acceleration and Regenerative Braking Modes
4.1 Transitioning ReGenX Generator coil inductor operation to ReGenX Generator
coil capacitor operation
Inductors (generator coils) store energy in the Electromagnetic Field around the coil when a
closed circuit is created and when current flows in the coil and to the load.
It is this magnetic field energy that is responsible for the Counter-Electromotive-Torque
produced and the work performed when an electric generator reduces the kinetic energy of
a prime mover/electric generator system which is colloquially referred to as regenerative
braking in electric vehicles.
Normally the self-induced parasitic capacitance of an inductor or conventional generator coil
can be negated at low frequencies, but as frequency increases the parasitic capacitance
increases.
However an ideal inductor would not behave like a capacitor, but in the real world there is
no such thing as ideal components.
Basically, any real inductor can be thought of an ideal inductor that has a resistor in series
with it (wire resistance) and a capacitor in parallel with it (parasitic capacitance).
Now, where does the parasitic capacitance come from?
An inductor is made out of a coil of insulated wire, so there are tiny capacitors between the
windings (since there are two sections of wire separated by an insulator).
Equivalent circuit of an inductor

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Each section of windings is at a slightly different potential (due to wire inductance and
resistance).
As the frequency of operation increases, the impedance of the inductor increases while the
impedance of the parasitic capacitor decreases, so at a high enough frequency the
impedance of the parasitic capacitance is much lower than the impedance of the inductor,
which means that the inductor transitions from inductor operation and begins to operate as
a capacitor.
The inductor transitions from storing energy externally in the Electromagnetic Field and
begins to store energy internally in the Electrostatic Field between the windings.
Inductor impedance (Zt) increase with frequency (F):
Zt = Xl + Rdc
= 2∏FL + Rdc
Where:
Zt is total inductor impedance, Xl is inductor reactance, F is operating frequency, L is coil
inductance, and Rdc is inductor DC wire resistance
Capacitors store energy in the Electrostatic Field
between the plates of the capacitor.
In the case of the ReGenX coil/inductor,
energy is stored between the windings
in the electrostatic field where the windings
act as the plates of the capacitor and the air
between them is the dielectric.
Essentially for all intents and purposes, a ReGenX
Generator coil when operating above its Critical
Minimum Frequency can be viewed as operating
as a multi-plate parallel capacitor storing energy
internally and then releasing energy externally.

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Inductors resist and delay the buildup and flow of current and capacitors resist and delay
the buildup of voltage.
Eventually however the voltage induced in the ReGenX coil exceeds the (air) dielectric’s
ability to contain and delay it, the dielectric breaks down and current begins to flow in the
coil to the load.
The induced AC voltage stored capacitively in between the ReGenX coils’ windings is then
released but is further delayed by the ReGenX coil’s 5-Time Constant Rise time and the
coil’s core hysteresis time delay.
Together when these three individual time delays are each added together, they are enough
to produce the ReGenX Generator coil’s 50 degree load current delay which was observed
on the oscilloscope in ReGenX Prototype No. 1.
All inductors also have their own resonance frequency.
This is why some high frequency inductors have their windings far apart - to reduce the
buildup of parasitic capacitance.
The ReGenX Generator coil on the
other hand has its windings
wound tightly together and
uniformly and precisely spaced
with each layer placed directly on
top of each other such that each
layer is placed directly on top of
the preceding layer. This
encourages the buildup of mutual
capacitance between the layers
and also between each individual
winding.

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5.0 Regenerative Acceleration ReGen-X Motor Demonstration
Part 3
Prototype No. 3 (as shown in schematic diagram No 3) is a pulsed DC motorized version
on the ReGenX Generator Prototype No. 2.
In conventional electric motor design, electric current is caused to flow in the windings that
make up the motor coils; the result is electromagnetic fields are produced around the coils
which accelerate the motor’s rotor and the motor’s drive shaft.
The direction of current in the motor coils is alternated rapidly in order to adequately affect
the rotors alternating magnetic pole polarities.
The magnetic field energy pulse once used to initiate rotation is allowed to dissipate into
free space.
The ReGen-X Motor employs a pulsed DC motor
circuit which employs DC current to produce
electromagnetic fields around the motor coils as per any
conventional motor but it does not allow the magnetic
field energy to be wasted and dissipated into free
space.
Instead, once the motor’s DC current
pulse has ceased, a switch in the motor
circuit is activated which allows the
collapsing magnetic field energy to
be directed back into a battery in
Flyback Magnetic Field Collection
Mode.
The magnitude of return current returning to and charging the batteries in Flyback Magnetic
Field Collection Mode is determined by the DC resistance losses in the motor coil’s windings
and the motor coil’s core losses.
Once the motor pulse has ceased and the motor circuit initiates Flyback Magnetic Field
Collection Mode, the motor circuit and motor coil also simultaneously enter Motor
Regenerative Acceleration Generator Mode, the duration of which continues through the
duration of the following rotor magnetic field pole’s trajectory past the coil’s core.
The result is collapsing magnetic field energy being converted back into electrical energy
that charges the battery in concert with rotor magnetic field flux that simultaneously
charges the battery in tandem.
The ReGen-X Motor does not alternate current and electromagnetic field pulse direction with
each alternating rotor magnetic field pole, but rather only pulses on identical rotor poles.
Alternating rotor magnetic field poles provide the Regenerative Acceleration generator
action in concert with Flyback Magnetic Field Collection.

13
The advantages are:
1. Decreased amounts of electromagnetic pollution produced by the motor emanating
into free space.
2. Reduced core losses due to hysteresis since the cores magnetic field domains do not
have to be forcefully reversed by the motor current.
3. Recycling and recollection of a portion of the original input current.
4. Natural generator action in the motor.
5.1 ReGen-X Motor Demonstration Initiation
The ReGen-X Motor demonstration begins with a motor drive shaft that is at equilibrium.
Electric current is initially sent to the motor circuit.
 The ReGen-X Motor drive shaft begins to provide dynamic torque and angular
acceleration.
 The input current to the ReGen-X Motor coil can be observed.
 The output current from the motor circuit charging the battery and the battery
charge voltage can be observed.
 Variations in motor speed and corresponding variations in battery charging current
magnitudes and rate of battery charging can also be observed.

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6.0 Induction Motor Current; Torque and Power Factor Speed

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7.0 Terms and Definitions
Page 4
ReGenX Generator Load Current Time Delay:
 The ReGenX Generator Load Current Time Delay is a culmination of capacitor energy
storage and release + inductor 5 time constant rise time + core hysteresis.
ReGenX Generator Principle:
 An induced EMF (voltage) will cause a current to flow in a closed circuit in such a
direction that its magnetic effect will produce a Complementary-Electromagnetic-
Torque which will assist the change that produces it.
 ReGenX Law of Induction is shown by the positive sign in Faraday’s Law of Induction
Sine Wave Crest:
 Denotes the peak sine wave amplitude.
Top Dead Centre (TDC):
As the rotor magnetic field pole approaches the coils core the amplitude of the current sine
wave increases until it reaches maximum at TDC.
At TDC the rotor magnetic field pole is neither approaching nor receding from the coil’s core.
Prior to TDC the current magnitude is increasing and post TDC the current has changed
direction and begins decreasing towards the opposite rotor pole’s TDC point at the Trough.
ReGenX Generator Salient Pole E Coil:
 The salient pole E coil is an E shaped core with a ReGenX Generator coil wound on
the middle finger with a conventional winding circling the outside perimeter of the
core.

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 The conventional coil provides conventional generator action or electric vehicle
regenerative braking while the ReGenX coil provides Regenerative Acceleration.
Page 5
Static Torque:
 Torque can be either static or dynamic.
 A static torque is one which does not produce an angular acceleration.
 A dynamic torque produces an angular acceleration.
Rotational Equilibrium:
 The concept of rotational equilibrium is an equivalent to Newton’s 1ˢᵗ law for a
rotational system. An object which is not rotating remains not rotating unless acted
on by an external torque. Similarly, an object rotating at constant angular velocity
remains rotating unless acted on by an external torque.
 The concept of rotational equilibrium is particularly useful in problems involving
multiple torques acting on a rotatable object. In this case it is the net torque which is
important. If the net torque on a rotatable object is zero then it will be in rotational
equilibrium and not able to acquire angular acceleration.
Drive Shaft Mechanical Power:
 In rotational systems, power is the product of the torque τ and angular velocity ω,
Work-Energy Principle:
 The work-energy principle states that an increase in the kinetic energy of a rigid
body is caused by an equal amount of positive work done on the body by the
resultant force acting on that body. Conversely, a decrease in kinetic energy is
caused by an equal amount of negative work done by the resultant force.
100% of the Prime Mover’s Rated Speed:
 Approximately 3450 R PM.

17
Page 7
Critical Minimum Frequency:
 Is the minimum operating frequency required for the ReGenX Generator to provide
Regenerative Acceleration. i.e. load power delivery and system acceleration /
Complementary Electromagnetic Torque.
 It is the transition point where the ReGenX Generator coil ceases to store energy in
the electromagnetic field as an inductor and begins to store energy internally in the
electrostatic field as a capacitor.
 Below the Critical Minimum Frequency the ReGenX Generator operates as a
conventional generator and provides regenerative braking effects / Counter
Electromagnetic Torque.
 The Critical Minimum Frequency for an individual coil can be raised or lowered as
required.
Page 8
Flux Harvesting:
 Flux Harvesting occurs when the discharging induced electromagnetic fields from a
ReGenX Generator coil enter a conventional coil in the same direction and the two
flux magnitudes are cumulative.
 Flux Harvesting also occurs between ReGenX Generator coils.
 Flux Harvesting occurs in the ReGen-X Motor when the motor’s pulsed magnetic field
is allowed to collapse back into a battery.
75% of the Prime Mover’s Rated Speed:
 Approximately 2000 RPM
Page 11
Inductor 5 Time Constant Rise Time:
 When a current is applied to an inductor it takes some time for the current to reach
its maximum value, after which it will remain in a "steady state" until some other
event causes the input to change. The time taken for the current to rise to its steady
state value in an LR circuit depends on:
•The resistance (R) This is the total circuit resistance, which includes the DC resistance
of the inductor (RL) itself, plus any external circuit resistance.
• The inductance of L Which is proportional to the square of the number of turns, the
cross sectional area of coil and the permeability of the core.

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Page 12
Flyback Magnetic Field Collection Mode:
 Collapsing ReGen-X Motor coil magnetic field harvesting.
Hysteresis
 The time lag or delay of a magnetic material known commonly as Magnetic
Hysteresis, relates to the magnetization properties of a material by which it firstly
becomes magnetised and then de-magnetised and the energy and time required to
change it.

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