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B5 g2 enhanced+protection+functionality+with+iec+61850+and+goose
1.
Power and productivity
for a better world™ Singapore, Sept 22-23.9.2008 Enhanced protection functionality with IEC 61850 and GOOSE Antti Hakala-Ranta
2.
©ABBLtd.’-Page2 Introduction Background for
IEC 61850 Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850 Modeling of information and services New type of communication services Horizontal communication - GOOSE Sampled measured values - SMV Engineering support System integration Application examples Future outlook
3.
©ABBLtd.’-Page3 Background –
why IEC 61850 Global markets DA users (Utility, industries) becoming more and more international -> global standards needed Flexible communication structures Communication systems must be capable of fulfilling world-wide requirements Rapid changes in communication state-of-the-art technology, but long life cycles of communication standards Increasing economical and operational demands on utility companies Modern substation systems produce lots of data Data need to be converted into information Communication networks provide access from anywhere Communication in substations has to support: Guaranteed and fast real time system responses High resistance against harsh environmental conditions
4.
©ABBLtd.’-Page4 History Standards/de facto
standards for substation automation communication IEC60870-5-103 Master slave serial protocol, SA semantics defined!, no controls (only with spec. extension), no horizontal communication, too restricted to give easy interoperability Used in Europe and some far east countries UCA2.0 Predecessor of IEC61850 by US vendors & utilities (an EPRI project) Modeling & semantic ideas, horizontal communication Never really accepted by customers, due to a lot of promises given but… Officially and publicly to be replaced by IEC61850 Modbus Well known but: no information semantics (signal engineering), no events, no time-synch Used world-wide, especially in US Master slave serial, also variant running over TCP DNP3.0… …and many other proprietary ones
5.
©ABBLtd.’-Page5 How and
what? An IEC project group of about 60 members from different countries worked in three IEC working groups from 1995 Objectives: A single protocol for complete substation considering modeling of different data required for substation Definition of basic services required to transfer data so that the entire mapping to communication protocol can be made future proof Promotion of high interoperability between systems from different vendors A common method/format for storing complete configuration data Define complete testing required for the equipments which confirms to the standard 1st parts of IEC 61850 standard were published 2004 Now, 2008, widely accepted and in use, both by utilities and industries
6.
©ABBLtd.’-Page6 Background –
What is IEC 61850? IEC 61850 is a global standard for “Communication Networks and Systems in Substations” „How to make different devices AND tools from different vendors work together (=interoperability)“ DO YOU UNDERSTAND ME? YES, WE DO!
7.
©ABBLtd.’-Page7 Application area
of IEC 61850 Electrical substations, also in industrial plants to NCC / DCS Bay Level Process Level Station Level Station or interbaybus (LAN) Process bus (LAN) HMI Station computer Station gateway Control Protection Protection & Control Control Protection Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface Engineering station
8.
©ABBLtd.’-Page8 It specifies an
expandable data model and services for substation automation It does not specify protection or control functionality, but it specifies how they will expose their information It supports free allocation of functions to devices It is open for different system philosophies It defines a description language for substation automation systems This facilitates efficient device integration It supports comprehensive consistent system definition and engineering This makes not only the devices, but also their tools & systems interoperable It uses Ethernet and TCP/IP for communication Provides the broad range of features of mainstream communication High performance It is open for future new communication concepts Goals and key thoughts of IEC 61850
9.
©ABBLtd.’-Page9 Part 6Substation Configuration
Language (SCL) Communication model (Data model and Services) Part 7 Communication requirements Part 5 System and Project management Part 4 Glossary Part 2 Introduction and overview Part 1 General requirements Part 3 Part 10Conformance testing Impact on tenders and product mgmt. Impact on engineering Impacts not only on communication ! Part 9 Process bus Part 9-1 : Mapping to point- to-point connections part 9-2 : Mapping for bus connections Part 8 Part 8-1 : Mapping for MMS-TCP/IP-Ethernet Part 8-x : for Future Use Station bus Structure of the IEC 61850 standard Directimpact implementation
10.
©ABBLtd.’-Page10 Application Domain Substation Application • Objects •Services Mapping 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISO/OSI seven layer
stack Communication Technology Approach of IEC61850 Abstract Interface Stack Interface Slow Fast Adaptation per selected stack Long-term definition Safe-guarding investments Stack selection following state-of-art Communication technology Concept 1: Split of application and communication The data model is mapped unambiguously to an existing stack MMS* TCP/IP Ethernet *) Manufacturing Message Specification Future Proof Design Aspects - Independence of actual technology
11.
©ABBLtd.’-Page11 Concept 2:
Take care of the engineering Additionally to the communication – make the tools interoperable Making it possible to efficiently manage the configuration data in a system even if the products are from different vendors Substation Configuration Language (SCL) allows describing in a standardised way IEDs, their configuration and their functional and communication capabilities Concrete communication structure of a SA system Allocation of devices to the substation primary equipment. These descriptions can be exchanged between engineering tools of different manufacturers Common approach to system engineering without the need of time consuming, error prone human conversion of engineering data
12.
©ABBLtd.’-Page12 IEC 61850
– Data Model, logical nodes ! "#$% " # &$ ' %( # #$% # # &$ ' %( )# * ' + % , ' ' $ $ $ + ' - $ . .# . /
13.
©ABBLtd.’-Page13 Example: Modbus
and IEC 61850 Modbus IEC 61850 Position QA1 DA:12, 1x2347, latch reset 0x2454 Trip Ovecurrent. DA:12, 1x1827, CD bit 1x1828 Frequency DA: 12, 4x0488 Close CB DA: 12, select 0x4096, close 0x4098 Position QA1 E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.stVal Trip Overcurrent. E1Q1FA1.Prot/PHPTOC1.Op.general Frequency E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/MMXU1.Hz.mag.f Close CB E1Q1KA1.Ctrl/QA1CSWI1.Pos.ctVal Voltage Level Bay IED Log. Device Log. Node Data/Attribute
14.
©ABBLtd.’-Page14 read a value
/ attribute write configuration attributes control a device (direct operate / select before operate) event oriented communication with reporting local storage of time-stamped events in a log get directory information file transfer for e.g. parameter and software download upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of gas density values Transfer of generic object oriented system events (GOOSE) Transfer of sampled (analog) values (SV) Data access and transfer (Services)
15.
©ABBLtd.’-Page15 IEC 61850
- GOOSE Switch Control & Protection Switch NCC Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Control & Protection Based on ”publisher/subscriber” model where any device can publish data and other subscribe it if needed User first decides in configuration what is needed to be published and those IEDs interested of that data subscribe to it Mission is real-time data transmission– IED to IED 100ms / 10ms / 3ms Uses low-level Ethernet layer and priority tagging to get priority in network and devices GOOSE – real time sharing of information between devices in a substation
16.
©ABBLtd.’-Page16 IEC 61850
– GOOSE IEC 61850 GOOSE, What? GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented Substation Event Generic = Any data Object Oriented = Data from IED 61850 data model Substation = Whole substation sees the data Event = Event based sending GOOSE is used for transmit data to peer devices in substation Can in principle transmit any kind of process data between IEDs Ethernet technology offers fast and reliable way to transmit the data Similar kind of functionality ABB have in existing LON platform and it is already used for a decade successfully
17.
©ABBLtd.’-Page17 IEC 61850
– GOOSE GOOSE, Why? Reduce interpanel wiring with between IEDs Performance – faster than IO wiring Supervised connections Actions can taken in application if peer IED stops communication Quality information is sent to peer IEDs with data for validation More (virtual) I/O for IEDs, without hardware changes Possibilities: Expandability In IED retrofit cases minimised wiring changes Chance to introduce new functionality Due to more IO capacity and higher performance Flexibility Possibility to add easily functionality afterwards – no rewiring
18.
©ABBLtd.’-Page18 Arc protection
and GOOSE with REF615 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Relay B Relay A GOOSE message Both relay A (incoming feeder) and relay B (outgoing feeder) are equipped with three arc sensors Relay B detects an arc in the busbar compartment via sensor 1 and sends a related GOOSE message to relay A Conventional wiring: <37ms With GOOSE: <23ms After receiving the GOOSE message relay A checks the current level and issues a trip command to breaker A -> GOOSE communication enables fast and station wide supervised arc protection schemes
19.
©ABBLtd.’-Page19 IEC 61850
- Blocking based busbar protection <40msStart delay with receiving relay + retarding time for the blocking signal *) 100msALL TOGETHER <40msO/C protection start delay + output relay’s delay 20msSafety marginal, e.g. delay in operation due to CT saturation. Delay setting with inst. O/C prot. (conventional approach) *) if relays are of the same family: <10ms + 2 x relay’s ”task time”
20.
©ABBLtd.’-Page20 <3msGOOSE delay (Class
1) 5msRetardation time of inst. O/C stage blocking ~70msALL TOGETHER 20msO/C protection start delay 40msSafety marginal, e.g. delay in operation due to CT saturation. Delay setting with inst. O/C prot. (REF615 GOOSE approach) X X PHLPTOC-start block-PHIPTOC Who is interested? Yep, I am! I’ll block the Inst. O/C IEC 61850-8-1 With GOOSE better protection co- ordination -> more selective busbar protection, faster fault clearing time IEC 61850 - Blocking based busbar protection
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©ABBLtd.’-Page21 Circuit Breaker
failure scheme with GOOSE X X Relay B Relay A GOOSE message Activate Breaker failure scheme My Breaker is not opening! OK, I hear you! I’ll open my Breaker Relay B (outgoing feeder) detects a fault, issues opening command to the breaker and starts the breaker failure The breaker in outgoing feeder fails to open and after a set time delay the breaker failure protection in Relay B sends out back- up command as a GOOSE message to Relay A After receiving the GOOSE message Relay A issues opening command to the incoming feeder breaker and the fault is cleared. REF615 REF615
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©ABBLtd.’-Page22 IEC 61850
- 1-of-N Blocking X X Relay B Relay A Breaker Selected In this scheme a blocking signal is sent from selected feeder to other feeders No other controls allowed within Select timeout period Circuit Breaker control selection is sent by the publisher and in all subscriber IEDs this signal is connected to the blocking input of the control function block When control sequence is over subscriber IEDs get new value change which frees the control function block User issues Select breaker Command before Operate from SCS X Relay C Local HMI
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©ABBLtd.’-Page23 IEC 61850
- Busbar Earthing X X Relay B Relay A In this scheme a blocking signal is sent to breakers if the earthing switch is closed Circuit Breaker position is sent by the publisher and in all subscriber IEDs this signal is connected to the blocking input of the control function block to prevent closing of breakers This schema can be made also in opposite way where feeders breaker position can block closing of earthing switch X Relay C Earthing switch Closed -indication
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©ABBLtd.’-Page24 IEC 61850
– Disturbance Recording X X Relay B Relay A In this scheme a fault is detected in one feeder GOOSE can be used to trig the Disturbance Recording in other feeders Recordings are triggered almost parallel without delays X Relay C Detected fault and Trip
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©ABBLtd.’-Page25 IEC 61850
GOOSE – Performance issues Functionality without guaranteed performance? GOOSE response time requirements from application to application according the standard (IEC 61850-5) are: Type 1 (fast messages) Type 1A (tripping) Class P2/3: <3ms (P2/3 = transmission S/S) Class P1: <10ms (P1 = distribution S/S) Type 1B (others) Class P2/3: <20ms Class P1: <100ms Following IEC 61850 standard means that relay-to-relay signalling is faster than with traditionally wiring Reduced wiring with faster response times Challenge is to guarantee these in all circumstances
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©ABBLtd.’-Page26 Sampled measured
values – IEC 61850-9-2 A method for transmitting sampled measurements from transducers Enables sharing of analogue I/O signals among IEDs Benefits are obvious in high- voltage transmission substations How about medium voltage switchgears? CTs/VTs IEC 61850-9-2 Process bus IEC 61850-8-1 Remote BIOs Sampled Values IED IED
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©ABBLtd.’-Page27 The approach:
Mapping to communication stacks Client Server Communication Sampled Values Data Model (Objects,Services) Ethernet Link Layer Ethernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging Real time Communication IP TCP MMS Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art Communication technology Mapping GOOSE* SA specific data model evolves slowly Communication technology changes quickly Splitting of SA specific data model from communication technology Stack Interface Abstract Communication Services Interface (ACSI) ISO/OSI – Stack Hierarchical set of Rules how information is coded for transmission According to state-of-the art communication technology Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology * Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
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©ABBLtd.’-Page28 IEC61850-6, Engineering
with help of SCL IEC 61850-6 defines an XML based language to describe in a defined way Capabilities of the devices (IEDs) How devices are connected to the primary apparatuses How devices exchange information This means and results Different device and system tools can exhance information Efficient, automated device integration Facilitates centrally done system engineering of systems consisting devices from different vendors Support top-down engineering “Data entry only once” – engineering information is preserved and can be utilized in other product and tools Demo…
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©ABBLtd.’-Page29 Future, updates,
related work After original publishing Power Quality - Amendment 2 for IEC 61850-7-4 IEC 61850, Amendment 1: miscellaneous corrections Models for Hydro Power Plants, IEC 61850-7-410 Models and mappings for Wind Turbines, IEC 61400-25-x Upcoming Ed.2 to be published during 2009 Updates, clarifications Models for Distributed Energy Resources (DER), IEC 61850-420 Communication between substations, IEC 61850-90-1 Related work Communication between substation and control center, IEC 62445-2 (NP) Information security for TC57 protocols: IEC 62351-5 (published) IEC 62271-3, old 62010) High Voltage Switchgear and controlgear - digital interfaces based on IEC 61850, apply 61850 for HV assemblies (published) IEC 62439, high availability automation networks UCA User’s Group International – for maintenance of the standard “feedback” to IEC
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©ABBLtd.’-Page30 “The whole
scope” (Hydro) Power Plants IEC 61850 *) security within TC57, ~5 parts IEC61850 Distributed generation (DER) IEC 62351 (*
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©ABBLtd.’-Page31 Future with
IEC 61850 IEC 61850 facilitates a new way of building systems Location transparency – i.e. functions can be freely allocated within the system, due to the efficient communication Step 1: Simplifying signal wiring Usage of GOOSE to replace interbay wiring Usage of remote I/Os To share common IO in a substation To extend IO capabilities of an IED Step 2: Simplifying measurement wiring and enhancing functionality Sharing busbar voltages for all devices on a substation with Ethernet -> more functionality for all bay level devices with same HW Step 3: Reallocating functionality -> centralizing Easier maintenance, upgrades, less complicated hardware Reliability, availability must in focus …see next page…
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©ABBLtd.’-Page32 Traditional Separate interbay
signal, time synchronization, external signal wired … GPS time source DCS/NCC IRIG-B Local SCS Clock synch Interlocking, shared voltage signals… Monitoring, control, settingsStation bus (e.g. Modbus TCP) External signals External signals
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©ABBLtd.’-Page33 IEC 61850,
as today Simplification of interpanel and external signals, by IEC 61850 GOOSE for sharing interpanel and external signals SNTP time synchronization on station bus GPS time source DCS/NCC Monitoring, control, settings Interlocking, shared external signals Time synchronizationStation bus IEC 61850 External signals Electrical control system - SCS & GWLocal HMI
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©ABBLtd.’-Page34 IEC 61850
- possibilities Simpler, more cost-efficient IEDs External and secondary IO as remote IO All signals (including measurements) shared for all components –> less wiring Centralized handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc -> easier to maintain and extend Complicated applications like fault location, distance protection can be implemented using the power of centralized computer Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2 DCS/NCC Station Computer Local HMI External signals
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©ABBLtd.’-Page35 IEC 61850
– extremely centralized Simplistic IEDs per bay I/O interface and basic protection (OC, EF) -> lower complexity: cost-efficient, maintenance, standardization, availability… All other functionality centralized: distance, differential protection, handling of control, disturbance handling, fault records etc -> easy to maintain and extend the system -> online upgrades without affecting the operation, added-value services… Redundant looped 100Mbit/s Ethernet, IEC 61850-8-1/9-2 DCS/NCC Station Computer Local HMI External signals WAN WAN Service provider for: - Maintenance - Fault analysis - Technical support
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©ABBLtd.’-Page36 Summary -
Advantages of IEC 61850 Better connectivity and interoperability between devices and systems from different vendors Cost savings on substation automation systems Efficient device integration and system level engineering Simpler wiring Support for new type of applications Standardized high performance communication between bays High performance process bus to connect intelligent sensors reducing system costs Future-proof applications Application configuration withstands changes on communication systems Standardized, controlled way to define extensions to the system
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©ABBLtd.’-Page37 Newton Evans
Survey 2008, future usage of IEC 61850 International 31% already use it 58% to use IEC 61850 by 2010 Only 9% no plans 27% “maybe” North America Less then 5% use it Only 8% have plans to use it 2010 52% have no plans yet 39% maybe International North America
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©ABBLtd.’-Page38
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