4. RAW MATERIAL QUALITY CONTROLRAW MATERIAL QUALITY CONTROL
STORAGE
Requirements
Concrete Floors
Well Ventilated
Rain & leak Proof Roofs & Walls
SILOS
Aeration
Uniform Temperature
Inter-bin transfer
5. Grain StorageGrain Storage
ManagementManagement
Main process of theMain process of the
““Quality Management System”Quality Management System”
Requirement of all Industrial Standards andRequirement of all Industrial Standards and FoodFood
and Safety Lawsand Safety Laws
– HACCPHACCP
– Hazard analysis and critical control pointsHazard analysis and critical control points
– ISO 22000ISO 22000 International Organization for Standardization International Organization for Standardization
– GSP (Good Storage Practices)
6. RAW MATERIAL StorageRAW MATERIAL Storage
Producer/ FarmerProducer/ Farmer
Merchandiser/ Middle-manMerchandiser/ Middle-man
GovernmentGovernment
Feed Mill / Flour MillFeed Mill / Flour Mill
7. Scope of storage can be different forScope of storage can be different for
them, but objective should be thethem, but objective should be the
same.same.
Preserving ValuePreserving Value
Preserving UtilityPreserving Utility
8. Grain StorageGrain Storage
Management SystemManagement System
““Creating and maintaining a storageCreating and maintaining a storage
environment that enables grain to beenvironment that enables grain to be
stored without significant qualitystored without significant quality
degradation”.degradation”.
9. Enemies of Grain QualityEnemies of Grain Quality
InsectsInsects
MoistureMoisture
HeatHeat
MoldsMolds
10. Friends of Grain QualityFriends of Grain Quality
SelectionSelection
Grain cleaningGrain cleaning
SanitationSanitation
AerationAeration
ChemicalsChemicals
MaintenanceMaintenance
Short-chain VFAs
No residues
Reduce PH
11. How to Store ?How to Store ?
Traditional SystemTraditional System
– Bags – WarehouseBags – Warehouse
Advanced SystemAdvanced System
– SilosSilos
12.
13. Traditional System’sTraditional System’s
InsufficiencyInsufficiency
Material Handling Reasons.Material Handling Reasons.
– Increased VolumesIncreased Volumes
– Labor shortageLabor shortage
Regulatory Reasons.Regulatory Reasons.
– Industrial StandardsIndustrial Standards
– Regulatory standardsRegulatory standards
Economical Reasons.Economical Reasons.
– Cost of bagsCost of bags
– Cost of warehouseCost of warehouse
Establishing a good Grain Storage ManagementEstablishing a good Grain Storage Management
System is relatively difficultSystem is relatively difficult
16. Why Steel SilosWhy Steel Silos
Economical than concrete.Economical than concrete.
– DesigningDesigning
– ConstructionConstruction
Ease of installation.Ease of installation.
Resale or Change of placeResale or Change of place
17. Feature of Steel SiloFeature of Steel Silo
Silo loading systemSilo loading system
Silo Un-loading SystemSilo Un-loading System
– Sweep augersSweep augers
– Side drawSide draw
Temperature monitoring systemTemperature monitoring system
Aeration systemAeration system
FumigationFumigation
Level indicatorsLevel indicators
Inside/out side laddersInside/out side ladders
18. 85-07214 85-07214 85-07214 85-07214 Delete this silo
3 x 25.00 M
26.000M
D=21.95 M
(2) 45-01234
TRUCK/BAG
LOADOUT
SILOS
‘SCALPERATOR’
PRE-CLEANER
(CLOSED CIRCUIT)
GRAIN STORAGE FACILITY
GRAIN STORAGE FOR 30,000 MT
WHEAT
IN (8) SILOS, 3,800 MT STORAGE EACH
RECEIVING CAPACITY 150 MT/H
APPR.1.500MM
STEMWALL
11.43M
17.2M
TRUCK
ENTRANCE
TRUCK
EXIT
BAGGING
STATION
SILO AERATION
FANS
SILO HIGH LEVEL
INDICATION
33. Why to Aerate Grain?Why to Aerate Grain?
To condition dry grainTo condition dry grain
Conditioned grainConditioned grain
– Less mold/fungi growthLess mold/fungi growth
– Less insect activityLess insect activity
– Managed moistureManaged moisture
– Managed heatManaged heat
Improve chances of successfulImprove chances of successful
storagestorage
34. Why Aerate Grain?Why Aerate Grain?
Grain condition canGrain condition can
– never be improvednever be improved
– can only be maintainedcan only be maintained
35. Why Aerate Grain?Why Aerate Grain?
Because grain is aliveBecause grain is alive
– If planted, it will growIf planted, it will grow
45. Moisture - Temperature - Storage CapabilityMoisture - Temperature - Storage Capability
Moisture
Temperature
40
30
20
10
ºC ºF
Insects
Fungi
46. FumigationFumigation
Close / seal ventClose / seal vent
SealableSealable
Recirculation SystemRecirculation System
Seal
Eaves
Aeration Fan
Fumigation
Fan
The most suitable chemical treatment is short-chain volatile fatty acids, such as propionic, acetic, and isobutyric. These are non-toxic to mammals and produce no mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic properties. Research has shown that these organic acids do not affect the nutritional value of grain and do not transfer residues to meat, milk poultry and eggs.
Applying appropriate organic acids at proper rates, based on moisture level of the grain and duration of the storage, reduces the PH of the grain to near 4. This inhibits development of a wide range of microorganisms, such as mould, yeast and bacteria, which are responsible for spoilage. Besides extending the shelf life, organic acids also maintain the nutritional value of the grain.
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