1. Getting to Launch
Howard Ratner
Chairman, ORCID Inc.
CTO, EVP, Nature Publishing Group
h.ratner@us.nature.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-2123-6317
2. Are these two names referring to the same person?
Who is collaborating? inventing?
Why do I have to re-enter this data every time I move?
How can we accurately benchmark research strengths
and impact?
How do we keep our repository up to date?
How can we find reviewers?
How can we track people who participated in our
programs?
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3. The Problem: Connecting
Research with Researchers
Without a way to discretely identify those participating in
research across disciplines, organizations, and countries,
the research community lacks the ability to
accurately and easily identify and link researchers
and scholars with their professional activities.
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4. Will the real Dr. Wang please stand up?
• About 92.8 million Chinese names transliterated to “Wang”
– A look at the 2008 literature shows Dr. Wang to be most prolific…
• PubMed has 27,339 papers published by Wang
• Web of Science holds 65,592 papers
• The issue is global
– Nguyen is the surname for nearly 40% of Vietnamese
– 9.9 million Kims in Korean
– 2.4 million Smiths in the U.S.
– Nearly 300k Johanssons in Sweden
* 2009 data
5. Drivers for scope and principles
“Because a numbering system would be for the ages, some
say it shouldn’t be in private hands or held by a single
company.
I would be very worried if an individual publisher
controlled this.
… much more comfortable if it were operated by
… a broad group … whose membership includes
… open-access publishers and scientific societies…”
- Cliff Lynch, Director, CNI
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6. Genesis of ORCID
2007-2009 CrossRef discusses Contributor ID/CrossReg
July 2009 NPG and TR discuss best way to solve name
disambiguation problem. First mention of
ORCID name
9 November 2009 NPG and TR call for Name Identifier Summit
alongside CrossRef Annual Member meeting
21 groups attend ACM, AIP, APA, British
Library, CrossRef, Elsevier, EMBO, Microsoft,
MIT, NPG, PLOS, Rutgers, Sage, Springer,
Thomson-Reuters, UC London, University of
Manchester, University of Vienna, Wellcome
Trust, Wiley-Blackwell
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8. Meeting Attendees
Wayne Graves ACM Director of Information Services
Bernard Rous ACM Deputy Director of Publications
Tim Ingoldsby AIP Director of Strategic Initiatives and Publisher Relations
Linda Beebe APA Senior Director, PsycINFO
Andrew MacEwan British Library Head of Collection Processing
Geoff Bilder CrossRef Director of Strategic Initiatives
Ed Pentz CrossRef Executive Director
Karen Hunter Elsevier Senior Vice President
Chris Shillum Elsevier Vice President Product Management, Platform and Content
Bernd Pulverer * EMBO Head of Scientific Publications
Mike Jones Microsoft Senior Program Manager
MacKenzie Smith MIT Libraries Associate Director for Technology
Timo Hannay * NPG Publishing Director, Nature.com
Howard Ratner NPG Chief Technology Officer
Mark Patterson * PloS Director of Publishing
Carol Richman SAGE Publications Director of Licensing
Travis Brooks SLAC/Stanford Manager, IS & SPIRES/INSPIRE SLAC National Accelerator Lab. Lib.
Ray Colón Springer Director of Business and Journal Development
Reynold Guida Thomson Reuters Director, Product Management
Dave Kochalko Thomson Reuters Vice President, Strategy
Michelle Lin Thomson Reuters Assistant General Counsel
Keith MacGregor Thomson Reuters Executive Vice President
Mary Phillips * Univ. College London Director of Research Planning
Amanda Hill University of Manchester Names Project, Mimas
Juan Gorraiz* University of Vienna Library and Archive Services, Physics Lib, Head of Bibliometrics Dept
Wolfgang Mayer * University of Vienna Library and Archive Services, Head of eResource Department
Robert Kiley* Wellcome Trust Head of Digital Services & Acting Head of Library
Craig Van Dyck Wiley-Blackwell Vice President, Global Content Management
Tim Ryan Wiley-Blackwell Director of Author Services 8
* Participating by teleconference
9. We saw many initiatives with weak connective
links and no critical mass
DAI
RID
Nature
Networ
k
NCB
I
Scopus
Author
Identifier
– Publishers – Academic Institutions – Research Orgs – Scholarly Associations – Gov’t Funding Agencies
* Originally presented by Dave Kochalko,
Name Identifier Summit, November 2009
10. A common, open registry would provide the catalyst
Biomed
Experts
Nature
Network
ORCID
Scopus
Author
NCBI
Identifier
Open Researcher Contributor Identifier
– Publishers – Academic Institutions – Research Orgs – Scholarly Associations – Gov’t Funding Agencies
* Originally presented by Dave Kochalko,
Name Identifier Summit, November 2009
11. Build scale through a standard
• Vision: Create a system-wide standard to facilitate
identification, collaboration, and validation among all
participants in the scientific and scholarly research
community
• Technology: Leverage the researcher Registry from
ResearcherID and support links with member organizations
• Organization: Establish an independent, non-profit
organization to manage the Registry for the community
• Financing: Attract member organizations to join and
fund the non-profit
* Originally presented by Dave Kochalko,
Name Identifier Summit, November 2009
12. Establish collaborations across
the research community
Association for Computing Machinery
Research Organizations Publishers wield Associations and Funding Agencies will use
employ the majority of considerable influence over Societies have large ORCID to support the grant
potential members and will individual authors and will be memberships that will be application process, grant
be critical to successful important for encouraging important to achieve rapid review, and to track
adoption. ORCID enables early adoption of ORCID. adoption. These outcomes.
these organizations to Publishers will use ORCID organizations will use Professional Networks
identify and measure the to manage author and ORCID to improve services and Communities may
impact of research by reviewer databases. and collaboration for find ORCID services of use
members of their own members. to their members.
institutions.
13. Decisions to formalize the organization
Outcome of summit:
• Increase stakeholder participation
• Obtain sponsorships for initial funding
• Open the door! Learn from community!
• Embrace OPEN and leverage existing technology
Next Steps:
• Formalize board
• Incorporate organization
• Determine principles
• Determine sustainable business model
• Explore best disambiguation techniques
• Create registry 13
14. Participants
350 328
300 275 November-09
December-09
250 220
January-10
200 188
June-10
150 February-11
May-11
100 80 85
November-11
50 May-12
20 30
0
October 2012 – Drive to convert participants into members
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15. Initial steps to formalizing the organization
January 2010 Dave Kochalko and Howard Ratner co-chair
new ORCID initiative
August 2010 ORCID Inc. is incorporated as not-for-profit
organization (4 August)
September 2010 First board meeting (teleconference)
October 2010 First in-person board meeting at NPG
ORCID by-laws adopted
Geoff Bilder and Thom Hickey recommend TR Researcher ID code
Stakeholder fund $39K
November 2010 ORCID Mission and Principles created
TWG Guiding Principles – forum for outreach, mechanism to
talk about technical progress, to serve as the technical
community of volunteers that can be pulled into specific
prototyping
Survey results in from Participant Survey by Wellcome Trust
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16. ORCID Board (2010-2011)
Liz Allen, Senior Evaluation Adviser, The Wellcome Trust
Amy Brand, Assistant Provost for Faculty Appointments, Harvard University
Martin Fenner, Researcher, Hannover Medical School
Dave Kochalko, Vice President of Strategy and Research Development, Thomson
Reuters IP and Science
Ed Pentz, Executive Director, CrossRef
Bernard Rous, Director of Publications, Association for Computing Machinery
Hideaki Takeda, Professor and Director, Research and Development Center,
National Informatics Institute
MacKenzie Smith, Research Director, MIT Libraries
Craig Van Dyck, Vice President, Global Content Management, Wiley-Blackwell
Thomas Hickey, Chief Scientist, Online Computer library Center
Salvatore Mele, Head, Open Access, CERN
Howard Ratner (Chair) CTO, Executive Vice President, Nature Publishing Group
Chris Shillum, Vice President Product Management, Platform, and Content, Elsevier
Simeon Warner, Associate Librarian, Cornell University
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17. ORCID Mission
ORCID is an international, interdisciplinary,
open, and not-for-profit organization created
for the benefit of all stakeholders, including
research organizations, research funders,
organizations, publishers, and researchers
We aim to transform the research ecosystem by
providing a registry of persistent unique
identifiers for researchers and scholars and
automating linkages to research objects such
as publications, grants, and patents.
18. 10 Principles
1. ORCID will work to support the creation of a (subject to the researchers' own privacy
permanent, clear and unambiguous record of settings) that is updated once a year and
scholarly communication by enabling reliable released under the CC0 waiver.
attribution of authors and contributors.
8. All software developed by ORCID will be
2. ORCID will transcend discipline, geographic, publicly released under an Open Source
national and institutional, boundaries. Software license approved by the Open Source
Initiative. For the software it adopts, ORCID
3. Participation in ORCID is open to any
will prefer Open Source.
organization that has an interest in scholarly
communications. 9. ORCID identifiers and profile data (subject to
privacy settings) will be made available via a
4. Access to ORCID services will be based on
combination of no charge and for a fee APIs
transparent and non-discriminatory terms
and services. Any fees will be set to ensure the
posted on the ORCID website.
sustainability of ORCID as a not-for-profit,
5. Researchers will be able to create, edit, and charitable organization focused on the long-
maintain an ORCID ID and profile free of term persistence of the ORCID system.
charge.
10. ORCID will be governed by representatives
6. Researchers will control the defined privacy from a broad cross-section of stakeholders,
settings of their own ORCID profile data. the majority of whom are not-for-profit, and
will strive for maximal transparency by publicly
7. All profile data contributed to ORCID by
posting summaries of all board meetings and
researchers or claimed by them will be
annual financial reports.
available in standard formats for free download
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19. Community involvement: outreach AND working
groups
Working Groups
Open to any interested parties in the community
Outreach Meetings
Held twice per year since 2010 (Boston, London, Boston,
CERN, Boston, Berlin)
Invaluable broad community feedback and buy in
Lead to invited talks (EU, VIVO, STM, PSP, NISO, CERN,
Switzerland, FDP, AAU, JISC, Stockholm…)
Four national meetings on researcher identifiers in 2012:
Vilnius, Lithuania (February), London (March), Barcelona
(September), Berlin (October), Florence (December)
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20. Working Groups & Committees (2010-2012)
Business Working Group Craig Van Dyck & Ed Pentz
Technical Working Group Brian Wilson (Laura Paglione)
Marketing/Outreach WG Martin Fenner
Legal Working Group Michelle Lin (Jackie Ewenstein)
Audit Committee Craig Van Dyck
Privacy Working Group Bernie Rous
Nominating Committee Craig Van Dyck
Working Groups are Open to Everyone!
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21. Funding and specifications for ORCID service
January 2011 Geoff Bilder (CrossRef) Interim ORCID Technical Director
(January - July 2011; eventually June 2011- June 2012)
Filed US and EU trademarks
Mellon Market Research Grant
via MIT, Harvard and Cornell approved for $50k
VIVO grant accepted for $25k
$144K sponsorship from 22 organizations
March 2011 ORCID receives US Federal Tax ID
October 2011 Publishers agree to loans
Jackie Ewenstein hired as legal counsel
Alpha sandbox opened to public
JISC lends us Ben Osteen to work on JISC/ORCID interactions
Phase 1 beta defined
$244K sponsorship from 44 organizations 21
22. Development begins
June 2011 Perpetual license of TR Researcher ID code!
Semantico hired to develop ORCID Registry
August 2011 Semantico development work begins
September 2011 Loan terms set / ratified 10 October
Decision on MIT Open Source license
for ORCID developed code
NSF Eager grant awarded for $200k
via Harvard and University of Chicago
Raym Crowe presents Market Research (Mellon Grant)
Diane Geraci, MIT replaces MacKenzie Smith on board
Criteria for launch approved
Criteria for trusted sources approved
November 2011 First APIs officially released
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23. ORCID readies for launch
January 2012 First official ORCID Inc. Annual Member meeting held
Board is re-elected
ORCID EU is formed to improve outreach and collaboration
ORCID ID syntax is locked
Micah Altman, MIT joins the board
March 2012 Agreement to do more usability work on registry
April 2012 Laure Haak starts as Executive Director
1023 (US tax exempt status) filed
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25. Final steps to launch
May 2012 Laura Paglione hired as Technical Director
Craig Van Dyck appointed chair of Nominating Committee
ISNI agrees to reserve block of ISNI to avoid collisions with ORCID
Added Grants and Patents as ORCID record elements
Reviewed Ithaka Marketing report
Privacy settings and levels agreed, Business Model approved
New sandbox environment goes live at Semantico
June 2012 Membership opened
July 2012 Launch Partners program announced
September 2012 Membership terms, privacy policy, terms of use, and dispute
procedures approved
ODIN Project awarded by EC (ORCID EU, BL, Datacite, CERN)
October 2012 ORCID Registry is launched! 25
26. Steps to launch: What is the core ORCID
deliverable?
Focus on core mission: Registry of unique identifiers for
researchers
Embedding IDs in research workflows
Providing code to community to develop applications that
interact with and/or consume ORCID data
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27. The ORCID Registry
Other IDs
• ResearcherID
• Scopus
• RePec
• SSRN
ORCID Account • ArXiv
• Account Settings
• Manage Permissions
Research Information Systems (CRIS)
• Research Institutions
• Funders
ORCID Record
• Governments
• Biography
• Research Activities
Workflows
• Manuscript submission
• Grant applications
• Dataset deposition
• Patent applications
28. Success Factors
• Broad international community interest in ORCID
• 17 Launch Partners, integrating ORCID IDs in their
systems prior to launch
• 8 paid members prior to launch, 9 others completing
membership
• Members from Research Institutions, Funders,
Government, Publishers and Service Providers
• ORCID Registry launched!
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