1. E-waste Recycling in Africa
-responsible growth-
Klaus Hieronymi Hewlett-Packard
on behalf of the
E-Waste Solutions Alliance for Africa
OECD Workshop on Extended Producer Responsibility, Tokyo, 17th April 2014
Reclaimed Appliances (UK) Ltd
Leading, not following

2. Shipments to West-Africa
Fully Functional
E-Waste
Sold after local
repair70%
Where are WEEE in Africa. EMPA / UNEP Feb. 2012
15%
15%
Today‘s source of E-Waste
in developing countries:
• 2nd hand products used in
country
• new products sold in country
• E-Waste from industrialised countries
Sources of e-Waste in developing countries today

3. • When Extended Producer Responsibility was invented in the
1980‘s , proper E-Waste Management carried significant
cost.
• Today, proper E-Waste Management allows significant
profits, especially in countries with low labour cost.
EPR needs updating to account for waste that has value

4. Example: Copper
 1250 $/t
(2000)
 5500 $/t
(May 2014)
Drivers of e-waste value

5. Copy / Paste solutions from the industrialized world do not
work in developing countries
- value of waste is (relatively) high
- no/limited municipal infrastructure
- no proper treatment available (few exceptions)
EPR in developing countries needs a tailored approach

6. Collection is not the problem
Proper treatment is not available
The main issue is ...

7. Create an infrastructure for E-Waste which:
 drives all E-Waste into proper treatment channels
 creates good, clean jobs
 captures raw materials
 runs without day by day involvement of producers
 is sustainable
E-waste represents an oportunity!

8. Collection takes place but majority of recycling is rudimentary
Current state of e-waste recycling:
• Rudimentary recyclers exist
in all countries, they only
focus on valuable fractions in
e-waste and dump non-
valuable fractions
Material
Markets
Local
Dumping
Non-Valuable Fractions
Informal
Collectors
Valuable Fractions
Rudimentary
Recyclers
E-waste
End
user
formal
collection /
treatment
• Some formal and approved
recyclers may already exist
but volumes are often low

9. Eliminate local dumping and stimulate licensed recycling
Our goal in e-waste recycling:
Material
Markets
Local
Dumping
Non-Valuable Fractions
Informal
Collectors
Rudimentary
Recyclers
Licensed
RecyclersNon-valuable Fractions
Licensed recyclers
must meet treatment
standards to ensure
optimal recycling
Valuable Fractions
Valuable Fractions
E-waste
End
user
formal
collection /
treatment

10. Stimulate licensed recycling by incentivizing collection
Our solution for e-waste recycling:
Informal
Collectors
Material
Markets
Licensed
Recyclers
Producers
Collection
Incentive
Finance
• Producers need to finance
recyclers and collectors for
“non-valuable fractions” where
the collection and treatment
cost outweigh the value of the
materials to ensure these
fractions go to licensed
recyclers
End
user
E-waste

11. Collection
Incentive
Improve conditions of existing informal collection network for e-waste
Our solution for e-waste recycling:
Informal
Collectors
Material
Markets
Licensed
Recyclers
ProducersFinance
• The informal sector plays an
important role in e-waste
collection. The goal is to improve
conditions of the sector and
ensure health, safety and
environmental protection are
adhered to.
Collectors
End
user
E-waste

12. Extended Producer Responsibility embedded in legislation
Our requirement for e-waste recycling:
Material
Markets
ProducersFinance
Extended Producer Responsibility
legislation
• Legislation is required to
create level playing field for
all producers and recyclers
Collection
Incentive
Collectors
Licensed
Recyclers
End
user
E-waste
E-Waste
Registry
E-Waste
Advisory Body
Registration

13. Local manufacturer and importer of new and used EEE in African country
is considered producer
Our requirement for e-waste recycling:
ProducersFinance
• Legal presence of New and
Used EEE producers is
essential for the
enforcement of legislation
Material
Markets
Imports of
used EEE
Imports or
manufacturing of
new EEE
Extended Producer Responsibility
legislation
Collection
Incentive
Collectors
Licensed
Recyclers
E-waste
End
user

14. Two new controlling bodies must be set up to enable EPR
Our requirement for e-waste recycling:
E-Waste
Registry
E-Waste
Advisory Body
Material
Markets
Finance Registration
• All Producers must register
at E-Waste registry to
create level playing field.
Both Registry and Advisory
Body must be embedded in
EPR legislation
Extended Producer Responsibility
legislation
Collection
Incentive
Collectors
Licensed
Recyclers
End
user
E-waste
Producers

15. Registry and Advisory body are linked but independent in set up
Roles and Governance of these bodies:
Role Governance
Registration of producers Set up and run by Authority
Calculate producer market share Black box to ensure confidentiality
Licensing/auditing of recyclers Controlled by advisory body
Register volumes e-waste recycled
Status of producer compliance
Role Governance
Advice on development of
treatment standards
Mandated by government but
independent
Determine Problematic Fractions Involvement of all stakeholder
Agreeing product categories/types Elected chair
Determine collection incentive Black box to ensure confidentiality
Platform for knowledge sharing
with OEMs
E-Waste Registry
E-Waste Advisory
Body

16. East Africa Compliant Recycling (EACR)
• Self sustaining business model
• Scope = all e-waste, including non valuable fractions
• 2000 green jobs predicted
$$
$$
Treatment Centre & Trading Platform
operating under strict recycling standards
20 collectors for each
collection point
Collection centres X 50
A role model

17. East Africa Compliant Recycling (EACR)

18. From this..... .... to this
Improper treatment and outdoor
dumping
All e-waste collected and treated
responsibly
East Africa Compliant Recycling (EACR)

19. Reclaimed Appliances (UK) Ltd
Leading, not following
Solution = Collection & Recycling System + Regulation
E-Waste Solutions Alliance for Africa - Actors
Authority involvement
is essential

20. E-waste is a resource, the collection and recovery of most e-waste makes business
sense. Collection of ‘non valuable’ e-waste must be incentivized
Improper treatment is the problem, treatment standards are to be enforced
Roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders must be defined, collaboration between
stakeholders is key
improve conditions of the informal sector in the collection of e-waste while health,
safety and environmental protection are adhered to
Enforcement of requirements on all stakeholders is key
Fair competition in the collection and recycling market is essential for an efficient EPR
system
Cross-border solutions are required to ensure critical flows for efficient and save
recycling
All actors, including importers of 2nd hand goods need to contribute
Key principles for e-waste legislation

21. Definitions must be embedded in EPR legislation
Definitions for an effective regulation
Producer refers to any person who introduces new and used Electrical and Electronic Equipment
into the market by sale or donation and can either be a manufacturer, importer,
distributor or assembler.
Non-valuable
fractions
are e-waste fractions collected where the collection and treatment cost as defined by the
E-Waste Advisory Council outweighs the material recovery value
Minimum collection
incentive
means the minimum collection price paid by recyclers to the collection network to ensure
collection of problematic fractions
E-waste
Treatment Center
A business engaged in the collection and dismantling of e-waste. Treatment centers would
typically be contracted by Producers to carry out the Producer obligations.
E-waste
Collection Centre
means a centre established individually or jointly or a registered society or a designated
agency or a company or an association to undertake collection operations of e-waste.
EEE
Registry
A private independent body that provides the registration of all EEE producers, performs
market share calculation and obligation determination, treatment centre permitting and
auditing, Producer obligation auditing and fulfillment reporting.
E-waste
Advisory Council
An independent multi-stakeholder body that oversees the National EEE Registry, defines
recycling standards and practices, sets the minimum collection incentive and reviews and
updates the product categories and the list of problematic fractions.
Global Market Recovered materials can be sent wherever there is market demand. In some cases the
materials might need to be exported for material recovery

22. Thank you
for your
attention!