OECD Employment Outlook 2015 - Selected Figures
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Key figures from the 2015 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook
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OECD Employment Outlook 2015 - Selected Figures
- 1. OECD Employment Outlook 2015 Selected figures OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 2. The jobs recovery remains incomplete Employment-to-population ratio As a percentage of the population aged 15 and over OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment 30 40 50 60 70 % Current (Q4 2014) Start of the crisis (Q4 2007) Projected value (Q4 2016)
- 3. Unemployment remains well above its pre-crisis levels in the majority of OECD countries Unemployment rate As a percentage of the labour force OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment 0 5 10 15 20 25 % Current value (Q4 2014) Start of the crisis (Q4 2007) Projected value (Q4 2016)
- 4. Long-term unemployment has risen in a large majority of countries Incidence of long-term unemployed (more than one year) As a percentage of total unemployed 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % Q4 2007 Q4 2014 OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 5. The long-term career prospects of many recent school leavers could be permanently compromised NEET rate As a percentage of youth aged 15-29 0 10 20 30 40 Luxembourg Japan Norway Netherlands Denmark Iceland Switzerland Sweden Germany Austria Finland Czech Republic Australia New Zealand Slovenia Canada United Kingdom France Estonia Israel OECD Belgium Portugal European Union Poland United States Hungary Korea Ireland Slovak Republic Chile Spain Mexico Italy Greece Turkey 2014 2007 OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 6. Minimum wages can help underpin the incomes of low-paid workers 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75% 2013 2007 Minimum wages As a percent of median wages of full-time employees Note: Germany: the minimum-wage level in 2015 is expressed as proportion of the projected 2015 median wage. OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 7. Skills matters for wage inequality… - 4.0 - 1.6 - 0.9 - 0.7 - 0.7 - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4 2.1 3.6 - 6 - 4 - 2 0 2 4 United States France Italy England/N. Ireland Canada Australia Germany Ireland Sweden Spain Flanders Netherlands Poland Denmark Finland Austria Norway Estonia Korea Czech Republic Japan Slovak Republic - 12.1 - 7.8 - 6.6 - 5.7 - 5.6 - 5.4 - 4.7 - 4.5 - 2.8 - 2.5 - 2.2 - 1.9 - 1.6 - 1.6 - 0.1 0.8 1.1 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.4 5.6 - 15 - 10 - 5 0 5 10 United States Flanders Estonia Spain Japan Italy Slovak Republic Germany Czech Republic Ireland Korea Austria Canada Poland Australia France Netherlands England/N. Ireland Denmark Norway Finland Sweden -7.9 -6.3 -4.6 -4.2 -3.9 -2.6 -2.5 -2.1 -1.3 -1.1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.6 3.2 - 10 - 5 0 5 Netherlands Japan Korea Denmark Estonia Italy Canada Ireland Germany Poland United States Flanders Finland Spain Austria Slovak Republic Czech Republic Australia France England/N. Ireland Sweden Norway Wage inequality and skills inequality Percentage change in D9/D1 ratio after imposing the skills dispersion of the average PIAAC country Wage inequality and skills prices Percentage change in D9/D1 ratio after imposing the skills prices of the average PIAAC country Wage inequality and skills use Percentage change in Gini after imposing the distribution of numeracy proficiency onto that of numeracy use OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 8. …and skills play a role in explaining differences in wages between workforce groups Wage ratio before and after controlling for skills distribution and price effects 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Male/female wage ratio 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Native/foreign-born wage ratio 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Tertiary/non tertiary parental education wage ratio 0.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.7 Male-female wage ratio Raw After controlling for skills distribution After controlling for skills prices OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 9. Key elements for successful activation strategies Inclusive and resilient labour markets Opportunities EmployabilityMotivation OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 10. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 % Public expenditure on Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMPs) varies a lot across OECD countries Expenditure on ALMPs As a percentage of GDP in 2012 or last year available OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 11. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % Involvement of PES in finding the present job As a percentage of those who have started their job in the last 12 months Unemployed who contacted the PES office to find work As a percentage of all unemployed The Public Employment Service can play an important role as a job broker OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 12. Mobility only partially smooths out earnings inequality Gini coefficient for active persons 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Index Long-term inequality Short-term inequality 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Index Long-term inequality Short-term inequality Monthly earnings, simulation over 10 years Monthly earnings, simulation over 20 years OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 13. Chronic unemployment is a key determinant of low long-term earnings - 10.00 20.00 30.00 United KingdomNetherlandsKoreaAustraliaSweden*JapanDenmarkCzech RepublicSwitzerlandTurkeyGermanyItalyUnited StatesBelgiumAveragePolandSlovak RepublicFranceAustriaEstoniaSloveniaPortugalSpainFinlandGreece Women Bottom tercile Middle tercile Top tercile Incidence of unemployment by tercile of the distribution of long-term earnings (cumulative months of unemployment over ten years) 0 10 20 30 Switzerland Netherlands Australia Korea Japan United Kingdom Belgium Czech Republic Sweden* United States Germany Slovak Republic France Average Italy Poland Turkey Portugal Slovenia Denmark Austria Finland Spain Estonia Greece % Men 0 10 20 30 United Kingdom Netherlands Korea Australia Sweden* Japan Denmark Czech Republic Switzerland Turkey Germany Italy United States Belgium Average Poland Slovak Republic France Austria Estonia Slovenia Portugal Spain Finland Greece % Women OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 14. Low long-term earnings are closely associated with part-time work and, to a lesser extent, with temporary work 0 10 20 30 Turkey Czech Rep. United Kingdom Netherlands Estonia Slovak Rep. Austria Switzerland Belgium Portugal Australia Denmark Average Poland Finland Germany France Spain Italy Greece % 0 20 40 60 80 Turkey Portugal Greece Czech Rep. Estonia Slovak Rep. Spain Italy Finland Poland France Average United Kingdom Denmark Germany Austria Australia Belgium Switzerland Netherlands % 0 10 20 30 40 United Kingdom Belgium Switzerland Estonia Germany Austria Denmark Slovak Rep. Netherlands Czech Rep. France Finland Slovenia Average Italy Turkey Greece Portugal Spain Poland Australia % Incidence of involuntary part-time jobs Incidence of voluntary part-time jobs Incidence of temporary jobs 050 Bottom tercile Middle tercile Top tercile OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment
- 15. Improving job quality is a major challenge for emerging economies 0 5 10 Earnings quality in PPP-adjusted US dollars (2010) 0 10 20 30 40 Labour market insecurity Percentage of time workers can expect to spend unemployed or extremely low-paid 0 5 10 15 20 25 Quality of the working environment As measured by the incidence of very long working hours OECD Employment Outlook 20015 www.oecd.org/employment