Day 1 - Culture & jobs: rescue, support, unleash

oe.cd/culture-webinars ec.europa.eu/creative-europe
#OECDculture #CreativeEurope #EuropeForCulture
Ekaterina Travkina
Co-ordinator, Culture, Creative Industries and Local Development
OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities

Susanne Hollmann
Deputy Head of Unit, Culture Policy, DG EAC, European
Commission

Spotlight Session
Music and the Night
Time Economy

Shain Shapiro
CEO, Sound Diplomacy

Paulina Ahokas
CEO, Tampere Concert Hall,
Finland
Nicola Beech
Cabinet Member with responsibility for
Spatial Planning and City Design, City of
Bristol, United Kingdom
Thierry Charlois
Project Manager for Night-Time
Policy, City of Paris, France
Geoff Ellis
Chief Executive DF Events,
Scotland’s largest music and events
promotion company, United
Kingdom
Zsolt Szokolai
Music Moves Europe, European
Commission

COVID HAS NEGATIVELY IMPACTED MUSIC...
SOUND DIPLOMACY
Live music,
festivals and
other spaces
and places
have been
closed for
months
Up-to $10bn
lost in
sponsorship
s, according
to World
Economic
Forum
85% drop in live
music revenues
worldwide
37% of
musicians in
the UK (as an
example) say
they will
leave the
sector
Growth in paid
music streaming
subscribers has
flatlined
Venues were the
first to close and
will be the last to
reopen

...AND THE NIGHT TIME ECONOMY
SOUND DIPLOMACY
10,000 pubs
& bars in the
UK closed
permanently
in 2020
2.7m jobs at
risk in the
US in the
creative and
NTE sectors
Oxford
Economics
predicts a loss of
406,000 jobs in
UK alone
This is a
175% rise in
net closures,
compared to
2019
Prevalence of
freelancers and
sole traders
means many
workers lack any
support
NTE businesses
can be objected
to before they
open

INVESTING IN MUSIC & NTE CAN SPEED UP RECOVERY
SOUND DIPLOMACY
5.4%
increase in
music
copyright
revenues in
Q1 & 2 2020
For every
£1
INVESTED
in music, £4
IS
GENERATE
D
Over 100 cities
around the world
have developed
music and
NTEstrategies
since 2016
Music
consumption
grew by 8.2%
in 2020
75+ cities in
the world
have Night
Mayors,
Managers &
Advisors
The value of the
music sector is
still set to double,
despite COVID
according to
Goldman Sachs

SOUND
DIPLOMACY
THE NINE POINT PLAN:
1. Put artists to
work: incentivise
creation from
crisis
2. Convert
creativity into
community
investment
vehicles
4. Start a
cultural
infrastructure
plan
3. Create a city
music registry
5. Create
emergency
preparedness
plans (venue,
event, city-wide)
6. Ensure music,
arts and culture
language is
included in policy
frameworks
7. Commit to
genre
agnosticism
8. Plan and
develop a night
time economy
policy
9. Set-up city-
wide artist
compensation
policies, music
liaison services &
fair play schemes

Karen MAGUIRE
Head, Local Employment, Skills and Social Innovation Division,
Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities, OECD

Maciej HOFMAN
Policy Officer, Culture - Cultural and Creative Sectors, DG EAC,
European Commission

Cultural employment
in the time of COVID
and beyond

COVID-19: IMPACT ON CREATIVE JOBS
27 January 2021
Ekaterina Travkina
OECD Local Economic and Employemt Developmetn Programme

Our cultural and creative sectors are in crisis –
particularly in big cities
20
© OECD | Covid-19 Impact on Cultural & Creative Sectors |
Note: TL2 regions, 2017 or latest available year for OECD countries with data plus Romania
in London are in the creative economy
1 in 6 jobs
of economic activity in New York is from the
creative economy
$1 in every $8
of jobs in Seoul are in the creative economy
5.5%

Characteristics of CCS employment
• High shares of non-standard work
• Precarious
• Highly-skilled
• Resilient
• Less prone to be replaced by
automation or delocalised
• Dense ecosystems
21
• Difficult to access income
support, self-
employment or business
support measures
• Lack safety nets
• Difficult to measure

The sector will not bounce back quickly
22
Continued income and revenue
loses
Reduced investment in future
production
Likely reduction of public and
private funding
Subnational government expenditure in "recreation, culture and religion"
as a % of total public expenditure in the category (2017)
Note: * COFOG: Classification of the Functions of Government
**. Social protection expenditure includes both capital and current expenditure.
1. Australia, New Zealand,
2. and Turkey: estimates from IMF Government Finance Statistics. WA: weighted average; UWA: unweighted average. The total of
general government spending is non-consolidated. No data for Canada, Chile and Mexico.
Source: OECD (2020) Subnational governments in OECD countries: key data

Opportunities for the recovery
23
EDUCATION HEALTH TOURISM
DIGITAL
Using technologies that
allow “presence at
distance” (AI, virtual and
enriched reality, or the IoT)
to build a new “experience
economy”.
Technologies, formats and
skills for distance and
distributed learning, and
digital forms of access to
culture.
Active ageing, improved
health, combatting social
isolation and loneliness,
and health can benefit
from culture.
Higher value added
experiences which
incorporate local creative
sectors, increase the
attractiveness of new
destinations & provide
interaction with visitors.

Anna Rubin
Policy Analyst, OECD Local Employment, Skills and Social
Innovation Division

Job Creation and Local and
Economic Development 2020:
Rebuilding Better
Anna Rubin
OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities

The impact on jobs has been 10 times bigger than of
the global financial crisis
Source: OECD Employment Out look 2020, Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis
Job Creation and Local Economic Development 2020: Rebuilding Better
Note: Latest available month corresponds to August for Italy and the United Kingdom, September for Japan and October for
Australia, Canada and the United States. Economy-wide data for hours worked in all economies apart from the United States,
which refers to total hours worked by private non-farm employees. For Japan, estimates are based on total employment and
average monthly hours worked by employed persons. August estimates for Italy based on firms with more than 500 employees
in industry and services.
Source: OECD (2020), Economic Outlook, Volume 2020, Issue 2
Collapse in the number of hours worked
Compared to 2008 crisis Country impacts, % change from Q4 2019

How else is this crisis different?
Scale much deeper and many countries hit around the same time
Place (city versus rural) and sector dynamics of rebound (e.g. tourism) not
the same
People affected: usual suspects (youth, low skilled) but also new groups given
sectoral hits (women)
Digitalisation and automation measures “supercharged” given social distancing element
of this crisis

Regional divides already appearing in
unemployment rates
United States: unemployment rate by state, 2020, age 15+
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Tourist destinations
Tourist
destinations
States with largest
metropolitan areas
Images: Flaticon.com

29
In addition to the COVID-19 tidal wave, will some undercurrents
also change course or intensify?
Automation &
digitalisation
Green transition
Urbanisation
 Automation-related job losses will come sooner
 Expanded use of teleworking, e-commerce, and other digital tools
 Shift in consumer preferences for greener products
 Expanded public investment in green infrastructure
? Tension between preserving jobs and transitioning carbon-intensive sectors
? Large urban areas could see population decline
? New opportunities to attract workers and jobs outside of large metros
? A shift from mobility to accessibility
Globalisation  Managing supply chain risks could result in limited relocalisation

Anita Debaere
Director, Pearle*-Live Performance Europe
Janice Kirkpatrick, OBE
Designer and Creative Director, Graven, Scotland,
United Kingdom
Frédéric Martel
Academic Director, Zurich Center for Creative
Economies (ZCCE), Switzerland
Pierluigi Sacco
Senior Advisor on Culture and Local Development,
OECD

Marta Beck-Domzalska
Culture and Sport Statistics,
Eurostat
Sunil Iyengar
Director, Office of Research &
Analysis, National Endowment
for the Arts, USA
Paul Zealey
Skills Planning Lead, Skills
Development Scotland, United
Kingdom

Creative and cultural
industries in Scotland
Paul Zealey

Working in partnership
Title
Information from the following sources:
• Creative Scotland www.creativescotland.com
• Glasgow City Region www.glasgowcityregion.co.uk
• Scottish Enterprise www.scottish-enterprise.com
• Skills Development Scotland www.skillsdevelopmentscotland.co.uk
• The Scottish Government www.gov.scot

Definition
Title
Creative industries are:
“those based on individual creativity, skill and talent, or which have the potential to create
wealth and jobs through the development or production of intellectual property”
16 sub-sectors:
Advertising Architecture Computer games
Crafts Cultural education Design
Fashion and textiles Film Heritage
Music Performing arts Photography
Radio and TV Software / e-publishing Visual arts
Writing and publishing

Numbers
Title
One of Scotland’s “key sectors”:
• 15,505 companies (8.8% of total companies)
• 77,000 in employment (3% of total employment)
• £4.4B GVA (3.3% of total GVA)
• £1.4B exports (4.2% of total exports)
• £205M R&D (16.4% of total R&D)
• Note limitations of data

Policy priorities
Title
• Developing and retaining skills
• Developing business support
• Promoting international profile
• Promoting innovation
• Encouraging inclusiveness
• Strengthening importance of place
• Focus on design
• Strengthening screen

Impact of pandemic
Title
• Continually evolving situation
• Not impacting equally across sector
• Significant use of Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (furlough)
• Extension of furlough masks likely future employment levels
• Notified redundancies at number of major companies
• Significant emergency support for sector via national agencies – including
targeted funds for freelancers
• Additional impact of end of Brexit transition period
• Development of new business models

Going forward
Title
• Emergency funding
• Ongoing review of impact of pandemic by partners
• Monthly review includes
• Notified redundancies
• Employment / unemployment / furlough figures
• Business confidence
• Vacancies (scraped data)
• Regional and sectoral insight
• Scenario planning
• Economic and social recovery plans

Thank you
paul.zealey@sds.co.uk

Joanna Woronkowicz
Associate Professor, Indiana University, USA

Day 1 - Culture & jobs: rescue, support, unleash

Day 1 - Culture & jobs: rescue, support, unleash

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Day 1 - Culture & jobs: rescue, support, unleash