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The role of economists in merger
teams and qualitative evidence
review
1
OECD Global Forum for Competition
Ina Esser, Assistant Director of Economics, CMA
9 December 2020
Economists in merger teams
● Embedded in the case team and involved from
the very beginning of cases
● Economists play central role
- Assess how competition in a given industry works
- Formulate theories of harm and determine economic
frameworks to assess the merger
- Develop evidence-gathering strategy and undertake
assessment
- Assess strength of different pieces of evidence
2
Wider contribution of economists
● Developing the toolkit
- Increasing prominence of digital services and
technology products
• These kinds of markets are often characterised by particular
economic features
- Developing approaches for assessing competition in
dynamic markets and assessing potential competition
- Published revised Merger Assessment Guidelines for
consultation in November 2020
3
Qualitative evidence review
● Different types of qualitative evidence, including
internal documents and third-party views
● Different professions on a case team work closely
together
- Economists play an important role in requesting and
interpreting qualitative evidence
- Work by CMA’s Data, Technology and Analytics
(DATA) team on processing internal documents
4
Qualitative evidence in recent cases
● Tobii/Smartbox
- Customer views to assess closeness of competition
● Illumina/PacBio
- Assessing the likelihood and impact of innovation in the context
of uncertainty through internal documents
● Amazon/Deliveroo
- Using internal documents to assess incentives to re-enter in the
context of potential competition
● PayPal/iZettle
- Scrutinising evidence on deal valuation
5

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Economic Analysis in Merger Investigations – Break-out Session 3 – The role of economists in merger teams and qualitative evidence review – UK – December 2020 OECD discussion

  • 1. The role of economists in merger teams and qualitative evidence review 1 OECD Global Forum for Competition Ina Esser, Assistant Director of Economics, CMA 9 December 2020
  • 2. Economists in merger teams ● Embedded in the case team and involved from the very beginning of cases ● Economists play central role - Assess how competition in a given industry works - Formulate theories of harm and determine economic frameworks to assess the merger - Develop evidence-gathering strategy and undertake assessment - Assess strength of different pieces of evidence 2
  • 3. Wider contribution of economists ● Developing the toolkit - Increasing prominence of digital services and technology products • These kinds of markets are often characterised by particular economic features - Developing approaches for assessing competition in dynamic markets and assessing potential competition - Published revised Merger Assessment Guidelines for consultation in November 2020 3
  • 4. Qualitative evidence review ● Different types of qualitative evidence, including internal documents and third-party views ● Different professions on a case team work closely together - Economists play an important role in requesting and interpreting qualitative evidence - Work by CMA’s Data, Technology and Analytics (DATA) team on processing internal documents 4
  • 5. Qualitative evidence in recent cases ● Tobii/Smartbox - Customer views to assess closeness of competition ● Illumina/PacBio - Assessing the likelihood and impact of innovation in the context of uncertainty through internal documents ● Amazon/Deliveroo - Using internal documents to assess incentives to re-enter in the context of potential competition ● PayPal/iZettle - Scrutinising evidence on deal valuation 5