2. Mat/Raft Foundation
A mat foundation is a thick reinforced concrete slab supporting arrangement of
column's or walls in a row and transmitting the load into the soil. It is use to
support storage tanks, industrial equipment's , chimney's and various structure.
WHY IT IS USED
The spread footings cover over 50% of the foundation area because of large
column load.
The soil is soft with a low bearing capacity.
When the expenses of deep foundation is higher than raft foundation.
Walls of the structure are so close that individual footings would overlap
3. TYPES OF MAT FOUNDATION
Flat plate mat
Plate thickened under column's
Rigid frame mat
Piled mat
Two way beam and slab
Plate with pedestal
4. PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN MAT
FOUNDATION
A mat supported on strong bed rock transmit the load in a relatively area column's. The
pressure distribution on raft/mat foundation as shown in fig.
If the mat rests on stiff or compact soil, the mat distribute the load to the sub soil in larger
area as shown in fig.
If the mat rests on weak soil the pressure distribution on the mat tends to be uniform as
shown in fig
5. PROCEDURE
1. SOIL TEST
2. SHORE PILE CONSTRUCTION
3. EXCAVATION
4. REINFORCEMENT
5. CC LAYER CONSTRUCTION
6. LEVELING & DRESSING
7. COLOUMN POSITIONING
8. FORM WORK
9. CONCRETE WORK
10. CURING
6. SOIL TEST
Bearing capacity of soil
Classification of soil
Moisture content
Ground water level
Appropriation and depth of mat
SHORE PILE CONSTRUCTION
Shore piles support the surrounding loads and prevent the surrounding soil from breaking
in at the time of construction
7. PLACING OF
REINFORCEMENT
A batch of horizontal reinforcement placing;
Another batch of reinforcement placement to to complete the bottom
mesh;
Columns rod placement;
Vertical rod placement over bottom mesh to hold the upper mesh;
Upper mesh placement
8. FORM WORK
Form work is a mold or open box, like container into which fresh concrete is poured
and compacted.
When the concrete is set, the form work is removed and a solid mass is produced in
the shape of the inner face of the form work.
The top of the form work is normally left open.
False work is the necessary support system that hold the formwork in the correct
position.
9. TYPES OF FORM WORK
Timber form work
Plastic form work
Steel form work
CASTING
Start from one end
Layer basis casting
Side basis casting
10. LEVELING
After casting the whole mat area leveling is essential to be ensured
That the thickness of the mat slab is same all over the area.
TYPES OF CURING
Shading concrete work
Steam curing
Ponding method
Sprinkling of water
Covering concrete surface with gunny bags
11. ADVANTAGES OF MAT/RAFT
FOUNDATION
Raft foundation is economic due to combination of foundation& floor slab
Require little excavation
Can cope with mixed and poor ground condition
It reduces different settlement.
DISADVANTAES OF MAT FOUNDATION
It require specific treatment for point loads.
Edge erosion occur if not treated properly
12. PILE FOUNDATION
Pile foundation is a special kind of deep foundation, where the depth of
the foundation is much greater than the width of the foundation
Today, pile foundation is much more common than any other type of
deep foundation
USES
It is used where the soil is compressible,
It is used where the soil is water logged
It is used when stratum of required bearing capacity is at greater depth
13. MAJOR USES OF PILES :
To carry vertical compression loads,
To resist uplift loads
To resist horizontal or inclined loads
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
1. BASED ON THE FUNCTION
End bearing pile
Friction pile
compaction pile
Sheet pile
Batter pile
Tension pile
fender pile and dolphins
14. 2. BASED ON THE MATERIAL& COMPOSITION
Concrete pile
Timber pile
Steel pile
Composite pile: concrete& timber concrete& steel
3. BASED ON THE METHOD OF INSTALLATION;
Driven pile
cast-in situ pile
Driven and cast-in-situ pile
15. SELECTION OF PILES
FACTOR GOVERNING THE SELECTION OF
PILES
They are:
Length of the pile in relation to the load and type of soil,
Characters of the structure,
Availability of the materials,
types of loading,
Factor causing deterioration,
Ease of maintenance,
Estimated cost of types of pile, taking into account the initial cost, life expectancy and
cost of maintenance
Availability of funds.