PDC+++ Module 3 Class 10 Forest Gardens I
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The document discusses the importance of forests and how to design forest gardens. It notes that forests originally covered 50% of land but now only 30%, making forest restoration urgent. Forests play a key role in regulating air, water, climate and supporting biodiversity. The document then describes the structure and layers of a forest garden, which aims to imitate a natural forest but provide food and resources. It discusses examples of forest gardens and their creation through observation and incremental design.
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PDC+++ Module 3 Class 10 Forest Gardens I
- 3. Wangari Maathai "Until you dig a hole, plant a tree, you water it & you make it survive, you haven't done a thing. You're just talking" It's a matter of life and death for this country. The Kenyan forests are facing extinction and it is a man-made problem.
- 5. Forest importance Alter runoff Prevent soil erosion Negative ionization That atracts Positive ions Biomass, Interaccions Safeguard from the wind Increase rainfall, Modify Weather conditions Transpiration Products
- 9. Trough gas exchange, forest keep and oxigenate atmosphere and an Active water-vapour cycle essential for life. Winds deflected over the forest cause compresion in the streamlines of the wind, So there are more water vapour per volume and the air is cooled. Both conditions are conducive to rain. Rain-Forest interaction Hot and dry air Cold and humid air Cooled and humidified Heated, dehumidified And released by the tree crowns
- 10. The impact on the canopy Causes evaporation and don't Reach the ground directly Avoiding erosion Trees intercept rain. Till all Leaves are wet no droplet reach The ground.
- 11. Forest-weather interaction Evaporation takes place in the costs and air currents carry the moist air when it hit the tops of the trees form water droplets. condensation can reach 80-86% of Total rainfals. Forest create clouds. This water is richer in nutrients that come from the forest. The release of water through the Pores of trees and other plants Condensation Rehumidification of streamlines Transpiration
- 12. temperature down 3-5 degrees C air humidity up 10% cloud cover up 11.5% rainfall up 25% 137 species of birds (up from 5) 9 species of primates 3000 people getting income Lestari project class 3.2
- 13. CO2 + H2O + sun/chlorophyll -> O2 + C6H12O6 Forest are Carbon sinks & Energy generators
- 16. The Garden of Eden
- 17. the first famous Forest Garden of history? The Tree of Knowledge of Good & Evil The Tree of Life
- 18. the first famous Forest Garden of history? The Tree of Life
- 19. The Tree of Life BioDiversity & InterConnection
- 20. The Garden of the Hesperides
- 21. Ladon the Dragon protects the Tree of the Golden Apples - the Tree of Life, or of Immortality - a wedding present from Gaia
- 22. Safeguards very precious, magical things
- 23. Inspired ancient & modern artists & our imagination because primal & very attractive The Garden of the Hesperides
- 26. it is only by devolving responsability & self-regulating functions that a stable life system can evolve Policy of Responsibility (to devolve power) The role of a beneficial authority is to devolve function & responsability to life & to people; if it's successful, no more authority is needed. The role of a successful design is to create a system that self-regulates
- 27. Forest Structure (various levels) Perennial Plants Soil not tilled LOTS of Diversity Products: Fruits, Nuts, Leaves, Wood, Medicine, Beauty Little Maintenance Work High Total Yield Habitat for WildLife Edible Forest
- 28. Mulch Vegetable Cover Insects, toads, hedgehog, birds,… • Habitat • Food Plants • Water (ponds) • No cats (predators) Some inportant aspects of Edible Forests Covered Soil Niches for Fauna Aromatic Plants Polyculture
- 31. How does the Edible Forest illustrate these Principles? - Stacking - High-Lows - Cycling Energy - Unlimited Imagination - Diversity - Connexion Strategies
- 32. How it can start “ with whatever you've got” Observe the emergent Design or Deduction from Nature Establishing a system: an area is fenced & a mix of species is planted & protected from pasture animals. Only ducks, geese & some annual crops are harvested
- 33. Incremental Design The system evolves to a semi-mature stage. Chickens are introduced occasionally Observe, OBSERVE, observe adapting all the time, continuously
- 34. A mature system provides forrage, wood & animal products + is self-sufficient in production of mulch & fertilizer. A mature system requires maintenance more than an input of energy & has a variety of sellable yield. Only Maintenance
- 36. In the old farm ... we focused on anti-erosio strategies * mini-max * an element (Event) fulfils multiple functions 1) news at the end of the day 2) food for goats 3) prune trees 4) observe finca / design together / client interview 5) sunset viewing 6) water storage 7) anti-erosion structures 8) wildlife refuges 9) wood stores (twigs) 10) physical excercise * problem is the solution goat rutine every day gets boring ... ... multifunction * fluctuations completely different situation to now ...
- 37. But in the new farm ... we focused on designing the gardens (food!) Creating a Garden of Eden starting with OUR particular conditions & characteristics
- 38. < The Vision > The Mission < Methodology Principles
- 39. < 2005 < Chicken Tractored 2006 Starting > > 2006 > Lots of food > < Sara designed & implemented the first phase of the garden 2010 2009 < now Semi-Forest
Notas do Editor
- Peggy Lemaux Cooperative extension specialist in plant biotechnology at theUniversity of California at Berkeley I would nominate the basic formula for photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + sunlight/chlorophyll -> O2 + C6H12O6. Why is this so important? Because without this chemistry, life on earth would not be possible. Glucose (C6H12O6) is the basic energy source for all living organisms. The oxygen released as a photosynthetic byproduct, principally of phytoplankton, provides most of the atmospheric oxygen vital to respiration in plants andanimals. And animals, in turn, produce carbon dioxide (C02) necessary forplants. Therefore, photosynthesis is considered the ultimate source oflife for nearly all plants and animals, by providing the energy required to drivetheir metabolic processes. Without this important reaction, life on this planet would cease.
- The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera 's orchard in the west, where either a single tree or a grove of immortality-giving gold en apples gre w. The apples were planted from the fruited branches that Gaia gave to her as a wedding gift when Hera accepted Zeus . The Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but occasionally plucked from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera also placed in the garden a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additi onal safeguar d. Ho wever, in the mythology surrounding the Judgement of Paris , the Goddess of D iscord Eris manage d to enter the garden, pluck a golden apple , in scribe it &quot;To the most beautiful&quot; (Ancient Greek: Kall istei) and roll it into the wedding party (which she had not been invited to), in effect causing the Trojan Wars .
- The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera 's orchard in the west, where either a single tree or a grove of immortality-giving gold en apples gre w. The apples were planted from the fruited branches that Gaia gave to her as a wedding gift when Hera accepted Zeus . The Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but occasionally plucked from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera also placed in the garden a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additi onal safeguar d. Ho wever, in the mythology surrounding the Judgement of Paris , the Goddess of D iscord Eris manage d to enter the garden, pluck a golden apple , in scribe it &quot;To the most beautiful&quot; (Ancient Greek: Kall istei) and roll it into the wedding party (which she had not been invited to), in effect causing the Trojan Wars .
- The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera 's orchard in the west, where either a single tree or a grove of immortality-giving gold en apples gre w. The apples were planted from the fruited branches that Gaia gave to her as a wedding gift when Hera accepted Zeus . The Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but occasionally plucked from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera also placed in the garden a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additi onal safeguar d. Ho wever, in the mythology surrounding the Judgement of Paris , the Goddess of D iscord Eris manage d to enter the garden, pluck a golden apple , in scribe it &quot;To the most beautiful&quot; (Ancient Greek: Kall istei) and roll it into the wedding party (which she had not been invited to), in effect causing the Trojan Wars .
- The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera 's orchard in the west, where either a single tree or a grove of immortality-giving gold en apples gre w. The apples were planted from the fruited branches that Gaia gave to her as a wedding gift when Hera accepted Zeus . The Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but occasionally plucked from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera also placed in the garden a never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additi onal safeguar d. Ho wever, in the mythology surrounding the Judgement of Paris , the Goddess of D iscord Eris manage d to enter the garden, pluck a golden apple , in scribe it &quot;To the most beautiful&quot; (Ancient Greek: Kall istei) and roll it into the wedding party (which she had not been invited to), in effect causing the Trojan Wars .