3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process for making 3D objects from a digital file by building up successive layers of material. The document discusses various 3D printing methods like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling. It outlines applications of 3D printing in construction like printing entire buildings, houses, and interior elements layer-by-layer using large contour crafting printers. The document references projects by companies and researchers to 3D print houses and other structures by either printing on-site or in a factory and then assembling the pieces.

1. BY NITHIN N
(1AY11CT015)
8th SEM
GUIDE –
Ms. SIRISHA REDDY
Asst. Prof.
APPLICATIONS OF 3D
Printers IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

2. Contents
Details of
3D printing
Applications
Applications
in
construction
industry
Future
development
(Print a building)
Conclusion

3. Outline
 What is 3-d printing ?
 History
 How it works ?
 General principles
 Different methods of 3-d Printing
 APPLICATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References

4. Project Objectives

5. INTRODUCTION

6. What Is 3D Printing?
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing in
which components are fabricated in an additive
fashion by adding successive layers of material
together
It is also known as:
Rapid prototyping
Additive manufacturing

7. Additive Manufacturing:
 A process of making three dimensional solid objects
from a digital file (CAD model)
 The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using
additive processes
 In an additive process an object is created by laying
down successive layers of material until the entire
object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as
a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual
object

8. History
 The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Chuck Hull in 1984.
He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986

9. History
1986
• Hull coined the term Stereo lithography when he patented his new system
1992
• The first Stereolithographic Apparatus (SLA) is made by 3D Systems
1999
• The first ever 3D organ, a bladder, is created with the patient’s own cells. This means that there is little chance of the organ being
rejected by the body
2002
• A miniture kidney is created that can filter blood and produce diluted urine in an animal.
2006
• The Selective Laser Sintering machine is built and allows for mass customisation in manufacturing industrial parts
2008
• A prosthetic leg is created with a complex structure that requires no assembly. This opens the doorway to customized prosthetic
limbs. Revolution in technology by rooting of REPRAP concept
2009
• Innovative bioprinting company, Organovo, creates the first blood vessel to be bioprinted
2011
• Printing Service, I - materialize, starts offering 14K gold and sterling silver as a printable material.
2012
• Alternative 3D printing processes were introduced at the entry level of the market
2014
• New era of industrial revolution - Big firms started acquiring start-ups. Theoretical and practical structures were aimed at.

10. How 3D Printing Works
A person creates a 3D
image of an item using a
computer-aided design
(CAD) software program.
The CAD information is
sent to the printer.
The printer forms the item
by depositing the material
in layers—starting from
the bottom layer—onto a
platform. In some cases
light or lasers are used to
harden the material.

11. General Principles
• Modeling
• Printing
• Finishing

12. Modeling
 Additive manufacturing takes virtual blueprints from computer aided
design (CAD) or animation modeling software and "slices" them into digital
cross-sections for the machine to successively use as a guideline for printing
Printing
 To perform a print, the machine reads the design and lays down successive
layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of
cross sections. These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections
from the CAD model, are joined together or automatically fused to create the
final shape.
 The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to create almost any shape
or geometric feature
Finishing
 Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications,
printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution,
and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can
achieve a higher-resolution

13. Different Methods
• Stereo lithography
• Selective laser sintering (SLS)
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Ink-Jet 3D printing

14. Stereo lithography
 Stereo lithography is a process for creating three-dimensional objects using a computer-
controlled laser to build the required structure, layer by layer. It does this by using a resin
known as liquid photopolymer that hardens when in contact with the air
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
 Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high
power laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic
or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape
Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications.
• Here a hot thermoplastic is extruded from a temperature-controlled print head to produce
fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy.
Ink-Jet 3D Printing
 It creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder and inkjet printing
binder in the cross-section of the part.
 It is the most widely used 3-D Printing technology these days
 While all inkjet technologies can fundamentally be described as the digitally controlled
ejection of drops of fluid from a print head onto a substrate, this is accomplished in a
variety of ways.
 There are 2-types of print head for the generation of liquid drops
 Drop-On-Demand (DOD) and Continuous-Jet (CJ)

15. Stereo lithography SLS
FDM

16. Applications

17. Applications
 Apparel
 Education and research
 Art / AEC
 Rapid manufacturing
 Mass customization
 Automobiles
 Electric Motors and Generators
 Spaceflight
 Domestic use
 Medical

18. Applications

19. With nearly LIMITLESS applications,
Just think of the POSSIBILITIES…………

23. PRINT A BUILDING

25. CONTOUR CRAFTING

28. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Using Contour Crafting, Khoshnevis reports that he has created walls that are six feet high, by
adding layers of concrete six inches high and four inches thick. The walls have a compressive
stress of 10,000 pounds per square inch. This technology, Khoshnevis projects, will be able to
print a 2,500 square foot house in less than a day [1]
 A Dutch firm named Universe Architecture is planning on building a 12,000 square foot,
Möbius strip shaped home by 3D printing sections on-site and then assembling them. It plans
to use a printer capable of printing structures as large as 6 X 9 meters [2]
 Similarly, the Amsterdam-based firm Dus Artchitects is in the process of printing a
canal house [3]
 WinSun, unlike the innovators previously discussed, uses a massive printer – 490’ X
33’ X 20’ – to print pieces of houses in a factory and then assembles them on-site.
WinSun makes the houses using recycled construction material, industrial waste, and
tailings which are then reinforced with fiberglass. And, most impressively, WinSun has
printed ten houses in less than a day, each measuring 200 square meters and costing
less than $5,000. The company even constructed its own 10,000 square meter office
in a month using an assembly line of four 3D printers [4]

29. Steps needed to make the customer's building ready to print
Throughout the design project, the process of dividing a
building into printable parts was informally
referred to as chunking (i.e. converting into multiple chunks)

30. Process Flow Diagram of Printer

31. P
R
I
N
T
B
R
I
C
K
S

32. Assembly of printed columns in progress

33. Assembly of printed/precast slabs
Suitable solution to connect the walls

37. APPLICATIONS IN AEC

39. Interior elements

44. REFERENCES
 [1] A video of the Contour Crafter performing its basic operations may be
viewed here:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yv-IWdSdns, and the Contour
Crafting website may be viewed here: http://craft.usc.edu/CC/modem.html.
 [2] An article explaining Universe Architecture’s project may be accessed
at:http://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/20/dutch-architects-to-use-3d-printer-to-
build-a-house/. And, Universe Architecture’s website may be accessed
here: http://www.universearchitecture.com/.
 [3] Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2594234/The-3D-
printed-HOUSE-Technology-used-construct-entire-building-including-furniture-
Amsterdam.html#ixzz3WXL1ePwj
 [4] An article further describing WinSun’s process may be found
here:http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/04/15/how-a-chinese-
company-built-10-homes-in-24-hours/?mod=e2fb. And, a video may be found
here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs.

45. Questions..??