This document provides information on electrical and electronic devices. Electrical devices use or generate electricity to produce effects like heat or light, while electronic devices contain components that control electric currents and voltages. Examples of electrical devices include ceiling fans and toasters, while electronic devices include smartphones and cameras. The document also discusses the differences between electrical and electronic devices and provides details on common household devices like ceiling fans, refrigerators, irons, microphones, and toasters, explaining their basic workings.

1. Introduction:
The objective of this case study is to explain:
1. What are electrical devices?
2. What are electronics devices?
3. Difference between electronic and electrical devices?
4. Various types of electrical and electronic devices used at our home?
 ElectricalDevices:
 Electrical devices are defined as that use or generate electricity and
transform it into another form of energy such as heat or light.
 The transformations created by electrical devices are simple in nature
and typically serve to do only one action.
 Electrical Equipment includes any machine powdered by electricity. t
usually consists of an enclosure , a variety of electrical components
and often a power switch.
 Examples of electrical devices are ceiling fan, toaster, etc.
 Electronics Devices:
 An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity
in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated
fields .Electronic components are mostly available in a singular form
and are not to be confused with electrical elements.
 Electronic components have two or more electrical terminals (or leads)
aside from antennas which may only have one terminal.
 .Basic electronic components may be packed discretely, as arrays or
networks of like components , or integrated inside a packages such as
semiconductor integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, or thick
film devices.
 various electronic devices are headphone, Smartphone, camera,
landline.

2.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTICAL AND
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Sr.
No.
Electrical Devices Electronic Devices
1. Electrical is about the study of how
electricity transmits, motors and
generators.
Electronics is about the study of
Diodes and Semiconductors.
2. Electrical is about the flow of electrons. Electronics is about the flow of
electrons and holes.
3. Electrical Devices lack decision
making like a bulb cannot take
decision by its own.
Electronic Devices can take decisions
like a mobile phone can.
4. Electrical devices works with high
voltage ,high power and high current.
Electronic devices works with low
voltage , low power and current.
5. Electrical device produces current and
voltage.
Electronic device controls current and
voltages.
6. Heavy Transformers are used in
transmission and act as electrical
components.
Small Transformers are used in making
of toys and charger and thus acts as
electronic devices.
7. Electrical devices works with AC. Electronic devices works with DC.
8. Electrical devices works with minimum
110V.
Electronic devices works with minimum
5V.

3.  VARIOUS TYPES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS USED
AT HOME:
 CeilingFan:
 History of ceiling fans:
he first ceiling fan that was powered by electronic parts was invented
in 1882 (and later patented in 1887) by mechanical engineer Philip
Diehl, who was a contemporary of Thomas Edison. This device was a
fan blade mounted on a sewing machine motor and attached to the ceiling.
Diehl later added a light fixture.
 Parts of a ceiling fan:
o The basic parts of a ceiling fan are an electric motor, capacitor, blades
or paddles, metal arms, flywheel, rotor, encasement or 'motor housing,'
and switch housing.
o The electric motor is the electric machine within the ceiling fan that
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
o A ceiling fan
capacitor is necessary for the motor to
get up enough
CAP
CAPACITOR
BLADES
ELECTRIC MOTOR
o The blades are
usually made from plastic or aluminium
o The metal arms, or 'blade irons,' are what hold the blades and connect
them with the electric motor.
o The flywheel is attached to the shaft of the motor and the blade irons.
T

4. o The inner ring of the flywheel is locked to the shaft by a screw and the
blade irons to the outer ring by bolts.
o The rotor, an alternative to blade irons, secures the blades and bolts to
the motor, which helps to eliminate balance problems. The motor
housing, aptly named, houses the motor.
o The switch housing, or 'switch cup,' is a cylinder that mounts below the
fan's motor and is used to conceal and protect various electronic
components such as wires and capacitors.
 Working Principle:
o Whenever, current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field,it
experiences force. AC motor needs a rotating magnetic field in order to
turn the rotor shaft. In a single phase system capacitor is used to provide
a phase shift in the windings of the motor.
his type of fan is wired through the ceiling and connected to the wire
that controls either a remote box or a switch on the wall for operating.
The ceiling fan capacitor torques up the electric motor, allowing it to
start and run. An electrical current reaches the motor and then enters coils
of wire that are wrapped around a metal base. As this current passes
through the wire, a magnetic field is caused that expends force in a
clockwise motion that actually changes the electric energy into mechanical
energy. This action causes the motor coils to spin. As the coils are
spinning, the fan captures this spinning motion, transferring it to the fan
blades. The slicing of the air caused by the fan blades is what pushes the
air downward, causing the breeze created by the ceiling fan. This whole
process circulates the air through the room, as air moves in to replace the
air that has been pushed down from the ceiling. Ceiling fans work are so
effective because of the fact that hot air rises. As the hot air reaches the
ceiling, it builds up the heat in the entire room. A fan mounted on the
ceiling forces this hot air away from the top of the room, and this action
leaves room for more hot air to rise, thus circulating the air in the room
causing the breeze. It is this action that can make ceiling fans effective in
any season.
 Refrigerator:
 Working Principle:
T

5. he Second Law of Thermodynamics essentially states that if a
cold object is placed next to a hot object, the cold object will
become warmer and the hot object will become cooler.
 A special gas called the refrigerant is used in the vapour compression
cycle of a refrigerator. It used to be CFC (chlorofluorocarbon). But due
to environmental concerns with CFC, namely, the depletion of ozone
layer, the gas used nowadays is HFC-134a, also called
tetrafluoroethane.
Vapour compression cycle or refrigeration cycle:
 Here is how the components of the refrigeration
cycle interact to cool your food:
The compressor constricts the
refrigerant vapor, raising its pressure and temperature,
and pushes it into the coils of the condenser on the
outside of the refrigerator.
When the hot gas in the coils of the
condenser meets the cooler air temperature of the
kitchen, it becomes a liquid.
Now in liquid form at high
pressure, the refrigerant cools down as it flows through
the expansion valve into the evaporator coils inside the
freezer and the fridge.
The refrigerant absorbs the heat
inside the fridge when it flows through the evaporator coils, cooling
down the air inside the fridge.
Last, the refrigerant evaporates to a gas due to raised temperature,
and then flows back to the compressor, where the cycle starts all over
again.
T

6. The main component of a refrigerator that needs power is the compressor. It
is essentially a pump which is driven by a motor. The hum you hear when the
fridge is on is that of the compressor working. The thermostat controls the
temperature of the fridge by switching on-and-off the compressor.
 Electric Iron:
 Working Principle;
he basic principle on which the electric iron works is than
when a current is passed through a piece of wire, the wire
heats up. This heat is distributed to the sole (base) plate of the
electric iron through conduction.
 Main Components:
o Sole plate is the thick, triangular-shaped slab of the irons that
form the base over which the electric iron is built up.The bottom
surface and edges are heavily chromium plated to prevent it
from rusting.
o Pressure Plate is generally called the top plate as it follows the
shape of sole plate. The pressure plate has some holes through
which the studs form the base plate passes through.
o The heating element is present between the sole plate and
pressure plate. It is pressed hard between the two plates. The
heating element consists of nichrome wire wound around a
sheet of mica.
o
o Thermostat is the bimetallic strip which converts a temperature
change into mechanical displacement. The two metals should
have a different coefficient of expansion.
o The cover plate is made of thin sheet of iron. It is placed on top
of the base plate and it covers all the internal parts of the iron.
T

7. o The handle can be made either with wood or with plastic. The
handle is attached to the cover plate with the aid of screws.
o The pilot lamp is housed in the cover plate of the electric iron.
One end of the pilot lamp is connected to supply, while the other
end is connected to the heating element.
 Microphone:
 On speaking into microphone , sound waves created by your voice
carry nergy toward the microphone. Remember that sound we can
hear is energy carried by vibrations in the air.Shown in 1.
 Inside the microphone, the diaphragm (much smaller than you'd find
in a loudspeaker and usually made of very thin plastic) moves back
and forth when the sound waves hit it. Shown in 2.
 The coil, attached to the diaphragm, moves back and forth as well.
Shown in 3.
 The permanent magnet produces a magnetic field that cuts through
the coil. As the coil moves back and forth through the magnetic field,
an electric current flows through it. Shown in 4.
 The electric current flows out from the microphone to an amplifier or
sound recording device. And by this way Sound signals are converted
into the electric signals.
 Toaster:
 When electricity flows through a wire, energy is transmitted from one
end of the wire to another. The movement of energy is a bit like water
flowing down a pipe. The electrical energy is carried down the wire by
electrons, the tiny particles inside the atoms of metal that make up the
wire. As the electricity flows, the electrons jostle about and collide with
one another, and with the atoms in the metal wire, giving off heat in the

8. process. The thinner the wire, and the greater the electric current, the
more collisions happen and the more heat is generated.
 Working:
o Electrical energy flows into the toaster from a wire plugged
into the domestic electricity supply.(1.)
o The electric current flows through a series of thin filaments
connected together but spaced widely enough apart to toast
the whole bread surface.(2.)
o
o The filaments are so thin that they
glow red hot when the electricity flows through them.(3.)
o Like a series of small radiators, the filaments beam heat
toward the bread in the toaster.(4.)
o The steady supply of heat rapidly cooks the bread. There are
filaments on each wall of the toaster so the two sides of the
bread cook at the same time(5.)
References:
 http://www.explainthatstuff.com
 http://www.wikipedia.com
 Manuals given along with some equipments.
 http://quora.com
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