Ethical issues that created by today's industries. Its destroying our natural resources and environment and its also creating problem to the human life.

1. EECCOOLLOOGGYY
EETTHHIICCAALL IISSSSUUEESS
GGrroouupp nnoo ::33

2. ECOLOGY
The study of the interactions between
organisms and the living and non living
components of their environment.
Environmental knowledge is essential for solving
environmental problems.
Every organism is either directly or indirectly
affected by the things in its environment
Ecology & Business have very close relationships , in
fact Business Activities have great impact on
Ecology

3. Ecological Issues on all stages of
Business viz.
• Establishment of Business
• Operating of Business
• Closing of Business

4. EEtthhiiccaall IIssssuueess
AAqquuaattiicc IIssssuueess
•WWaatteerr ppoolllluuttiioonn
• TThheerrmmaall PPoolllluuttiioonn
•WWaatteerr DDiivveerrssiioonn
• OOvveerrffiisshhiinngg

5. WWaatteerr PPoolllluuttiioonn

6. SSppiillllss oorr DDuummppiinngg iinn OOcceeaannss

7. Mumbai-Uran pipeline spill
21 January 2011
• A leak in one of the feeder lines of the state-run Oil
and Natural Gas Corporation’s (ONGC) Mumbai Uran
Trunk pipeline led to an oil spill about 80km off the
Mumbai coast.The Mumbai Uran Trunk (MUT) pumps
2.12 lakh barrels of oil per day to Uran.Nearly 25,000
barrels of oil were lost in the spill, which is close to
metric 50 tonnes of oil. The impact on damage to
environment because of the spill can be assessed only
in a couple of days, This is the second major oil spill
off the Mumbai coast within six months.
• First Mumbai oil spill was on 7 August 2010 – 9 August
2010

8. TThheerrmmaall PPoolllluuttiioonn &&
RRiissiinngg OOcceeaann TTeemmppeerraattuurreess
Coral
Bleaching

9. Coral Bleaching
In 1998 coral reefs around the world experienced the
most extensive and severe bleaching in recorded
history. Coral bleaching was reported in 60 countries
and island nations at sites in the Pacific Ocean, Indian
Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean and
Caribbean. Indian Ocean corals were particularly
severely impacted, with greater than 70 percent
mortality reported in the Maldives, Andaman's,
Lakshadweep Islands, and in Seychelles Marine Park
System

10. WWaatteerr DDiivveerrssiioonn

11. India's Greatest Planned Environmental Disaster:
The Narmada Valley Dam Projects
The Narmada Valley Development Project is the single largest
river development scheme in India. It is one of the largest
hydroelectric projects in the world and will displace
approximately 1.5 million people from their land in three
states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh). The
environmental costs of such a project, which involves the
construction of more than 3,000 large and small dams, are
immense. The project will devastate human lives and
biodiversity by inundating thousands of acres of forests and
agricultural land. The State (India) wants to build these dams
on the Narmada River in the name of National Development.

12. Damming the Narmada River will degrade the fertile
agricultural soils due to continuous irrigation (rather the
seasonal irrigation which is dependent on the monsoon), and
salinization, making the soil toxic to many plant species. The
largest of the dams under construction is the Sardar Sarovar,
which, if completed, will flood more than 37,000 hectares of
forest and agricultural land, displacing more than half a
million people and destroying some of Indias most fertile land.
In the end, the Big Dam will produce only 3% of the
power planners say it will thats only 50
megawatts! Additionally, when you take into account the
power needed to pump water through the network of canals
inevitably attached to the dam, the Sardar Sarovar Project
(SSP) will consume more electricity than it produces

13. OOvveerrffiisshhiinngg
Fish catch has risen from 20 million
tons/year to over 90 million tons / year

14. AAiirr QQuuaalliittyy IIssssuueess
•AAcciidd rraaiinn
•AAiirr PPoolllluuttiioonn
•NNuucclleeaarr PPoolllluuttiioonn

15. AAcciidd RRaaiinn

16. Acid rain and Taj Mahal
Mathura oil refinery and other nearby industries
pushed into atmosphere pollutants that contains
oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen. These gases causes
acid rain This acid makes the marble of Taj Mahal to
corrode The industrial and refinery emissions from
brick kilns, vehicular traffic and generator sets were
alleged primarily responsible for polluting the
ambient air in and around Taj Trapezium Zone.

17. AAiirr PPoolllluuttiioonn

18. NNuucclleeaarr PPoolllluuttiioonn

19. Bhopal Gas Tragedy
December 3rd 1984
• Company: Union Carbide Corporation.
• Chemical: Methyl Isocyanate (40 tons)
• People Affected- >500,000
• People Died- ~40,000
Since 1984, 40,000 people lost their lives in Bhopal,
India after a chemical gas spill from a pesticide
factory. More than 40 tons of methyl isocyante (MIC)
gas created a dense cloud over a resident population
of more than half a million people.

20. • People woke in their homes to fits of coughing, their
lungs filling with fluid. More than 8,000 people were
killed in just the first few days following the leak,
mainly from cardiac and respiratory arrest.
• More than 20,000 people still live in the vicinity of
the factory and are exposed to toxic chemicals
through groundwater and soil contamination. A
whole new generation continues to get sick, from
cancer and birth defects to everyday impacts of
aches and pains, rashes, fevers, eruptions of boils,
headaches, nausea, lack of appetite, dizziness, and
constant exhaustion.

21. CClliimmaattee CChhaannggee IIssssuueess

22. GGrreeeennhhoouussee EEffffeecctt

23. OOzzoonnee DDeepplleettiioonn

24. OOzzoonnee HHoollee oovveerr AAnnttaarrttiiccaa
Source: NASA

25. TTeerrrreessttrriiaall IIssssuueess
• DDeesseerrttiiffiiccaattiioonn
• DDeeffoorreessttaattiioonn
• SSooiill ppoolllluuttiioonn
•WWaassttee DDiissppoossaall
•MMiinniinngg

26. DDeesseerrttiiffiiccaattiioonn
• DDeesseerrttiiffiiccaattiioonn is an expansion of arid
conditions into a non-arid environment.
• MMaajjoorr ccaauusseess ooff ddeesseerrttiiffiiccaattiioonn include
Overgrazing & poor grazing management
Cultivation of marginal lands
Destruction of vegetation in arid regions
Incorrect irrigation practices leading to
salinization

27. DDeeffoorreessttaattiioonn
DDeeffoorreessttaattiioonn – the permanent destruction of
indigenous forests and woodlands.

28. CHIPKO MOVEMENT
In the 1960s, India’s push for national economic
development cleared even more trees to export the
wood to earn foreign exchange.The hill soil washed
away, causing landslides, floods and silting in the
rivers below the hills. Crops and houses too were
destroyed, and women had to trudge further and
further for their fuel, fodder and water. All in all, it
was the women who were the main victims of India’s
deforestation policies.

29. SSooiill PPoolllluuttiioonn
WWaayyss tthhaatt ssooiill ccaann bbeeccoommee ppoolllluutteedd,, ssuucchh aass::
• Seepage from a landfill
• Discharge of industrial waste into the soil
• Percolation of contaminated water into the soil
• Rupture of underground storage tanks
• Excess application of pesticides, herbicides or fertilizer
• Solid waste seepage
MMoosstt ccoommmmoonn cchheemmiiccaallss iinnvvoollvveedd iinn ccaauussiinngg ssooiill ppoolllluuttiioonn aarree::
• Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Heavy metals
• Pesticides
• Solvents

30. WWaassttee DDiissppoossaall

31. MMiinniinngg-- Illegal mining and stone crushing in the
Ganges river bed
• Illegal mining in the Ganges river bed for stones and sand for
construction work has been a long problem in Haridwar
district, Uttarakhand, where it touches the plains for the first
time. This is despite the fact that quarrying has been banned
in Kumbh Mela area zone covering 140 km area in
Haridwar.On 14 June, Swami Nigamanada, a 34-year old
monk who was fasting since 19 February 2011 against illegal
mining and stone crushing along the Ganges near Haridwar,
died at the Himalayan Hospital in Jolly grant in Dehradun,
after alleged poisoning by stone-crushing mafia. His death put
spotlight on the activity including intervention by Union
Environment minister

32. Sand-mining sound the death knell for the
Bharathapuzha
Once the muse of poets and kings, the Bharathapuzha, or the Nila
as it's fondly called, is today barely a trickle in the summer
months. In most parts, the 209-km long river is covered with
shrubs and weeds, and looks more like an unkempt ground
than a water body. Its destruction has been rapid and steady.
Over the past decade, unregulated sand mining has all but
devoured the riverbed, even as deforestation shrunk the river's
catchment areas. One year later, there is still no concerted
movement to regulate sand mining. And as trucks race to the
middle of the riverbed to collect sand, a bit of the river dies
every day.

33. PPooppuullaattiioonn GGrroowwtthh IIssssuueess
• UUrrbbaanniizzaattiioonn
• FFaarrmmiinngg PPrraaccttiicceess
• FFeerrttiilliizzeerrss && PPeessttiicciiddeess

34. UUrrbbaanniizzaattiioonn-- CCrreeaatteess SSlluummss
Dharavi
Dharavi is a slum in Mumbai.It is one of the largest
slums in the world. Dharavi has severe problems
with public health, due to the scarcity of toilet
facilities, due in turn to the fact that most housing
and 90% of the commercial units in Dharavi are
illegal The area also suffers from problems with
inadequate drinking watersupply. Dharavi has
experienced a long history of epidemics and natural
disasters, sometimes with significant loss of lives.

35. FFaarrmmiinngg PPrraaccttiicceess
NNeeggaattiivvee eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall iimmppaaccttss ffrroomm
uunnssuussttaaiinnaabbllee ffaarrmmiinngg pprraaccttiicceess iinncclluuddee::
Land conversion & habitat loss
Wasteful water consumption
Soil erosion and degradation
Pollution
Climate change
Genetic erosion

36. FFeerrttiilliizzeerrss aanndd PPeessttiicciiddeess

37. Endosulfan Tragedy in Kasargod
• The endosulfan tragedy happened in Kasaragod district of
Kerala in India. It is not a well-known tragedy. It is considered
by many experts in the field of pesticide toxicity as one of the
world’s worst pesticide disasters.
• The Plantation Corporation of Kerala (PCK), a public sector
undertaking under the State Government, which owns three
cashew plantations covering 4600 hectares in Kasargod,
sprayed endosulfan aerially in these plantations for 24 years
(1976 to 2000), three times a year. These uninterrupted
spraying in spite of several warnings about its disastrous
impact on health and environment has resulted in several
chronic, critical and life-threatening ailments in the areas
surrounding the plantations.

38. • This tragedy occurred because a toxic chemical was used
continuously in a populated area with several (open) natural
drinking water sources
• Eleven Gram Panchayats covering twelve villages (group and
sub-villages) have been severely affected. These villages are
Enmakaje, Belur, Kumbadaje, Badiadka, Muliyar, Karadukka,
Periya, Pullur, Ajanur, Kallar, Panathady, Kayyur, Cheemeni.
• In these villages there is a very high concentration of chronic
health complications like Mental, Physical and Behavioral
disorders, Sensory loss, Neurological ailments, Cardiovascular
diseases, Congenital Anomalies, Dermatological and
Musculoskeletal disorders etc

39. Thankyou……..
Kuriachan Manual
Kiran Babu
Lijin Thomas
Manu
Nimisha S