This document provides details on the design of a community library project in Medan Pasar, Kuala Lumpur. It includes precedent studies on roof, facade, and structural systems to inform the design. Two facade design schemes are presented - a kinetic aluminium plate facade and a perforated masonry wall. Sectional perspectives of the roof and ground levels illustrate construction details.
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PROJECT 2: CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
BLD61403 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I
NIK AHMAD MUNAWWAR NIK DIN
0325167
AUGUST 2017
TUTOR: KHAIROOL AIZAT AHMAD JAMAL
PROJECT 2: CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS
3. 3
1. INTRODUCTION
Medan Pasar Community Library
Kuala Lumpur
STUDIO 5 FINAL PROJECT
Project Brief
The final project of Studio 5 is an urban infill assignment that
calls for the design proposal of a community library in Medan
Pasar, in the heart of the old city centre of Kuala Lumpur.
Prior to the design proposal, extensive site analysis that covers
community issues, needs and general urban studies have been
conducted to provide context for the design.
Programmes were then designed to be implemented via the
architectural interventions on site to benefit the site and the
community.
Requirements
Location: Medan Pasar Colonial Shophouses
Area: Not exceeding 1200sqm
Floors: 3 - 5 storeys
About Medan Pasar
Medan Pasar is perhaps one of the oldest quarters in Kuala
Lumpur, as it was established as the an early trading district for
Kuala Lumpur when it was a bustling mining town. The site is
situated next to the area where Kuala Lumpur was established,
the muddy confluence of Gombak and Klang rivers, which gave
Kuala Lumpur its unique name.
Medan Pasar today, albeit not as bustling as before is known
to be a melting pot of cultures and social classes. The site’s
socioeconomic diversity presents a perfect opportunity for
the establishment of a “binder”, to create common interest
amongst the different communities, from white collar workers
to students as well as foreign workers.
That has been the main goal throughout the design process of
the community library.
4. 4
2. PRECEDENT STUDY: SAWTOOTH ROOF
ROOF SYSTEMS
Alstom Halles // Franklin Azzi Architecture
Nantes, France
Advantages
1. Allows more natural light inside the spaces.
2. Higher peaks provide the opportunity for additional activity space.
3. Theconfigurationoftheslopesoftheroofprovidestheopportunity
for the installation of solar photovoltaic cells for a greener building
Disadvantages
1. Sawtooth roof is much more expensive to construct than other
roof types due to the complex design and the materials needed.
2. High maintenance cost.
3. Higher chance for water leaks especially with complex slope
configurations.
Materiality
Introduction
Allstom Halles is a new creative urban space in the heart of Nantes, France. The construction
is composed of a giant glass and steel structure that covers the spaces underneath with
sliding glass walls on the ground floor that can be opened up to the plaza.
Daylight will stream into the space from the sawtooth roof line and create a microclimate for
students, professors and visitors.
A sawtooth roof is two or more parallel pitched roofs in which the low-sloped and high-
sloped panels alternate. The roof gets its name from its resemblance to the side view of a
saw blade.
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice
1. Allows adequate fenestration into the reading spaces when the openings
are angled correctly.
2. Light penetration is indirect as compared to a flat glass roof, thereby,
together with the Low-E glass, keeping the indoor temperature low despite
the outdoor heat of a tropical climate.
3. Fast and lightweight construction as the components can be prefabricated
off-site.
4. Unobtrusiveconstructionconsideringtheheritagestatusoftheneighboring
buildings.
5. Steel construction, with its tensile quality allows for long spans, therefore
reducing the number of supporting columns to maximise reading spaces.
Construction Details
1. The principal C-channel rafters are first attached onto the roof beam at the
respective angles to create the sawtooth profile.
2. The supporting elements, such as the post, strut and bolts are then bolted
onto the principal rafters.
3. The C-Channel Purlins are then attached to the Rafters to support the
roofing materials.
4. Each “tooth” is completed into a module and are connected to other
modules facing a similar angle to form the complete sawtooth roof
construction.
Components in a Sawtooth Roof construction. Connection detail between two roof modules.
Corrugated Metal Sheet
Waterproofing Membrane
C-Channel Rafter & Purlins
Metal Struts
Low-E Glass
C Channel Purlin
Rafter
Roof System Bolted to I-Beam
Bolts to secure connection
between modules
5. 5
2. PRECEDENT STUDY: KINETIC ALUMINIUM PANELS
FACADE SYSTEMSFACADE SYSTEMS
Calgary Parking Structure Kinetic Facade // Ned Kahn Studios
Calgary, Canada
Advantages
1. Creates an instant attraction that will add “life” to the building
2. Lightweight construction
3. Low maintenance
4. Kinetic rippling effect without the use of electricity
Disadvantages
1. Severe weather conditions may damage the aluminium
plates if not properly installed
2. Reflective surface of the plates may be a visual hazard
especially in tropical sun conditions
3. Requires the service of an expert/professional in such
technology during maintenance works, which may incur
high maintenance cost
Materiality
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice
1. A kinetic facade will help in the rejuvenation of Medan Pasar by providing a tourist attraction for the area.
2. With the moderate to high wind flow around the site, the kinetic facade will be able to benefit from being constantly
animated.
3. The aluminium plates are a form of a passive kinetic facade whereby no energy is needed for the animation of the skin.
4. The lightweight skin will not obstruct natural ventilation into the building.
5. In terms of materiality, aluminium will give the library a modern look that is in contrast to the colonial facade of the
neighboring buildings to help it stand out as a landmark on site.
Introduction
Calgary’s public parking structure has been
transformed into an architectural landmark with
the installation of a kinetic facade made up of
4,080 independent aluminium plates that ripples
in response to wind. The facade was designed by
internationally renowned artist Ned Kahn. The piece
covers 3,250 square feet of the exterior facade of
the parking structure.
Construction Details
1. A three-part construction that involves a
steel framing system, the standoffs and the
aluminium plates.
2. The steel framing is first bolted to the concrete
structure of the building.
3. The standoffs are then installed to the steel
framing to host the aluminium plates.
4. Finally, aluminium plates are loosely attached to
the standoffs, secured by the stainless button
head allen screws.
Button Head Screw
Standoff
1. Screw with Button Head
2. Washer
3. Standoff
4. Nut to secure Standoff to Frame
5. Aluminium Plate
Legend:
Aluminium
Plates
Nylon Standoffs Square Steel
Pipe
6. 6
2. PRECEDENT STUDY: PERFORATED MASONRY WALL
FACADE SYSTEMS
Poroscape // Younghan Chung Architects
Seoul, South Korea
Advantages
1. Ease of construction and maintenance
2. Brick walls are known to be durable, and will “age”
beautifully
3. Provides good ventilation and controlled fenestration
4. Savings on finishing costs as the brick walls can be
left in its raw form
Disadvantages
1. Relatively expensive due to material costs.
2. May not provide sufficient protection against rain,
especially in a tropical climate.
3. Height limitation as masonry walls do not hold well
above a certain height, unless supported by additional
structural system, which will increase the cost.
Materiality
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice
1. Allows adequate ventilation and fenestration into the reading spaces, therefore lowering the energy usage of the building
2. Minimal obstruction of visual connection between interior spaces and the surrounding context of Medan Pasar allowing
the library users to still be aware of activities being held on site
3. Aesthetic quality of the masonry walls responds to the materiality of the buildings on site at Medan Pasar
4. As the bricks age naturally, it creates a unique aesthetic that not only blends in well with the neighboring buildings, but
also creates its own identity as a landmark at Medan Pasar.
Construction Details
1. The perforated wall is based on the traditional single flemish bond, with the header components removed to form the
perforation.
2. The masonry construction is bonded by steel plates which are then connected to the main concrete structure of the
building via square steel pipes.
Introduction
Situated at the corner of Insadong Road within the retail district of Seoul, ‘Poroscape’ is a structure designed by Korean
Architect Younghan Chung for Dolsinai Co., an apparel business in South Korea.
The design inspiration was derived from the weaving of hemp cloth, represented by a facade of woven masonry units that
form pores to selectively reveal the internal construction of concrete and glass.
The perforated brick facade wraps around the inner structure to provide privacy whilst still allowing controlled fenestration
and ventilation inside the building. It forms an eye-catching symbol that is appropriate to the significance of Insadong
Road as a major retail district in the capital city.
Traditional Clay Bricks
1. T1 steel plate 2. steel plate capping 3. traditional brick 4. 30×30 square pipe 5.
20×20 square pipe 6. L-angle 100x100x10T 7. by other’s finish 8. grass on light
soil 9. T3 steel plate molding 10. T50 insulation 11. plant box 12. T12 tempered
glass 13. cedar exposed concrete finish
Legend:
T1 Steel Plate 30x30 Square Pipe
7. 7
2. PRECEDENT STUDY: STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM AND PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Alberto Seabra Project // Base 3 Arquitetos
São Paulo, Brazil
Advantages
1. Fast construction as floor slabs are precast off site
2. Greater control over quality as the structural members and floor
slabs were manufactured in a controlled environment
3. Easier cost estimation
Disadvantages
1. High cost may be incurred during transportation of components
to site
2. Necessity to employ high-skilled labourers for the construction,
therefore increasing the overall construction cost.
Materiality
Introduction
The client’s requirement was to incorporate two programs in the same
building; workspaces and a residence. The project intends to construct
the building as close as possible to an industrialized system. This
decision, in addition to giving the contractors greater control during
construction, allowed project managers to better gauge the cost of the
project.
Contextual Relevance and Reasons for Choice
1. Fast construction ensures minimal disruption to the site and surrounding
buildings as the site is a public space with heavy crowd traffic.
2. Precast floor slabs eliminates the need for in-situ construction which may
be obtrusive to the neighbouring heritage buildings and site in general.
3. Steel construction allows the beams to span relatively longer distances,
therefore reducing the number of columns required especially over open
reading spaces
4. The standardisation of materials will ease the construction process
especially since the library consists of several repetetive levels.
Construction Details
1. The system consists of steel columns, beams and girders as well as
precast concrete slabs
2. The precast slabs are placed on the steel girders and secured with a shear
connector
3. Precast floor slabs are connected using the locking tongue and groove
system to form the complete floor.
8. 8
3. FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 1: KINETIC ALUMINIUM PLATES
Ground
0
Level 1
3060
Level 2
5940
Level 3
8820
Level 4
11700
A B C D
Level 5
14580
FRONT ELEVATION 1:100
12. 12
4. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1: ROOF LEVEL
DETAIL 1
DETAIL 2
DETAIL 4
DETAIL 3
Detail 1: Bolted Beam to Column Flange Connection
Detail 2: Metal Decking Roof Connection
Detail 3: Roof Truss to Beam Connection
Detail 4: Aluminium Panel to Facade Frame
Purlin
Fastener
Purlin
Sealant
C-Purlin
Metal Deck
Metal Deck
4 3/4 Long Black Stainless
Button Head Allen Cap Screws
20mm Thk.
190mm x
160mm Polished
Aluminium Metal
Plate
Black Nylon Stand-off
200mm
Stainless
Square Tube
C Channel Purlin
Rafter
Roof System Bolted to I-Beam
Bolts to secure connection between
modules
13. 13
4. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2: GROUND LEVEL
DETAIL 1
DETAIL 2
Detail 1: Precast Concrete Floor Panel Installation
Detail 2: Column to Pad Foundation
305 x 305 x 118
Steel I-Column
Baseplate
350 x 350 Square
Pedestal
450 x 450 Square
Pad Footing
Supporting I-Beam
Tongue and Groove
Locking Joint
Hollow Core
Insulation Layer
Floor Finishing
Holding Down
Bolts
Water Proofing
Membrane Sheet
14. 14
5. REFERENCES
1. "Alberto Seabra Project / Base 3 Arquitetos." Archdaily, 2017, https://www.archdaily.com/538051/alberto-seabra-project-base-3-arquitetos/53cd2a5c-
c07a805e0800032b-alberto-seabra-project-base-3-arquitetos-sections.
2. Broto, Charles. Visual Dictionary Of Architecture And Construction. Singapore, Page One, 2007,.
3. "Interventions In Common Areas Of Public Multi-Family Housing Buildings / Studio Af6." Archdaily, 2017, https://www.archdaily.com/391411/interven-
tions-in-common-areas-of-public-multi-family-housing-buildings-studio-af6/51c22d8fb3fc4be6fe000011-interventions-in-common-areas-of-public-multi-fami-
ly-housing-buildings-studio-af6-photo.
4. Moloney, Jules. Designing Kinetics For Architectural Facades. Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge, 2011,.
5. Tsukamoto, Yoshiharu, and Momoyo Kaijima. Zukai Atorie Wan.
6. "Younghan Chung Architects: Poroscape In Seoul." Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 2017, https://www.designboom.com/architecture/young-
han-chung-studio-archiholic-poroscape-in-seoul/.
