In 2012, the Tamar Catchment Partnership, comprising around 100 individuals from across the catchment representing over 30 different interest groups, worked collaboratively, through over 70 hours of discussion and consultation, to collate and assess all of the evidence relating to ecosystem service provision in the Tamar Catchment. They also worked to develop a shared understanding of the environmental challenges, priorities and opportunities that are currently faced in the catchment and that may be faced in the future. Having developed this shared understanding, they went gone on to agree a shared vision for which measures may need to be undertaken in the catchment and where they may need to be delivered in order to achieve the greatest possible enhancement in both the ecological health of our natural environments and their ability to provide the ecosystem services required.

1. The Tamar Plan
Developing a shared catchment vision

2. The Tamar Catchment: 1,800km2 and 300,000+ people

3. Phase 1: A shared strategic vision
Gaining a shared understanding of the issues in the catchment, developing a toolbox
of interventions & identifying multifunctional land.
Phase 2: Action planning for catchment change
Who is going to do deliver the interventions & how the
funding streams will be integrated to ensure
cost‐effective realisation of benefits
The Tamar Plan Approach

4. Developing a shared strategic vision
Our ultimate goal is to create a catchment plan that is…
1. Strategic
Interventions are delivered in a targeted and timely manner
to achieve the greatest amount of benefit
2. Integrated
Adopts a variety of different measures tailored to each
situation and ecosystem services objective
3. Costed and funded
The cost of each intervention is determined and
funding acquired from the most appropriate
stakeholder
4. Balanced
Delivers improvements, but not at the
expense of food production or economic
sustainability

5. TIMELINE
PAST FUTUREPRESENT
Timeline: the shared strategic vision & delivery action plans
The final Tamar Strategic Plan will need integrate existing delivery plans
with a number of new delivery plans
Tamar
Strategic
Vision
Other delivery plans?
Tamar Food Plan
Public
Engagement Plan
PCC Green
Infrastructure Plan
Catchment Sensitive
Farming
Tamar Estuary Plan
Forestry Commission
Strategic Plans
PR14 Catchment
Management

6. Healthy habitats
for wildlife
Ecosystem Services
Recreational &
cultural use
Provision of
clean water
Regulation of
river flows
Benefits
Biodiversity
Productivity
Low cost
Ecological health
High quality
Safe
Flood prevention
High base flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
Which ecosystem components
play a key role..?
Developing a shared understanding
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
where..?
Who benefits -
where are they..?

7. Developing a shared understanding
WFD
Ecosystem Services
 Biodiversity
 Productivity
 Treatment cost
 Eco. health
 Aesthetics
 Safety
 Flood risk
 Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats
for wildlife
Recreational &
cultural use
Provision of
clean water
Regulation of
river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
Risks/threats
Pressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4
PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL
CHARACTER
‘Markets’
Potential for trade
‐ Beneficiaries
‐ Buyers
‐ Society…?
do they or will
they pay..?
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
Which ecosystem components
play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -
where are they..?

8. Risks/threats
Pressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4
PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL
CHARACTER
Developing a shared understanding
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
Ecosystem Services
 Biodiversity
 Productivity
 Treatment cost
 Eco. health
 Aesthetics
 Safety
 Flood risk
 Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats
for wildlife
Recreational &
cultural use
Provision of
clean water
Regulation of
river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
‘Markets’
Potential for trade
‐ Beneficiaries
‐ Buyers
‐ Society…?
Where do these occur…and
what is their impact
How can we reduce
these risks…?
Where can we get
the most benefits..?
Are there key locations
vital for service
provision..?
Can we predict or detect
improvements flowing back
through the system..?who
pays..?
Can work to improve one
service also improve others..?
- Same land or same activity
do they or will
they pay..?
Which ecosystem components
play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -
where are they..?

9. • Relevant interest groups identified to ensure inclusiveness
• 7 working groups established (met 3 times during year)
• Over 60 workgroup representatives (plus many others involved outside meetings)
• Every attempt made to make use of (link) existing information/plans
• Other activities arranged e.g. farm walk, presentation to Chamber of Commerce
Ecological
Networks
Group
Carbon
Management
Group
Recreation
Activities
Group
Water
Quality
Group
Water
Resources
Group
Engagement
& Food
Group
Point
Pollution
Group
Developing a shared understanding
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

10. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

11. Developing a shared understanding
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
 Where is the ecosystem service experienced (who benefits/suffers?)
 What features in the landscape regulate/degrade the service?
• ‘Environmental infrastructure’
• Risks & pressures
 To what extent is the service currently being delivered/degraded?
 What can be done to enhance the service?
 Which areas should be targeted for measures that enhance provision?
• Where is the greatest cost‐benefit (‘bang‐for‐buck’) to be achieved?
• Priority – suitability ‐ opportunity
 What work is already underway – how is it funded?
 Could current outcomes be improved if measures were more integrated /targeted?
 What new sources of funding be developed?

12. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

13. Water Quality
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
 Local ecological impacts
 Distal ecological, social & economic impacts

14. Water Quality
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
 Local ecological impacts
 Distal ecological, social & economic impacts
 Raw drinking water impacts
WFD: Article 7
“…avoid deterioration in [water] quality to
reduce the level of purification treatment
required in the production of drinking water.”

15. Water Quality – point sources
The contribution of point sources of pollution
 Variety of different pollutants
 Many different sources
 Varying contributions in different locations

16. Water Quality – point sources
Point sources of pollution – a lot has already been done….
Clean Sweep
Clean Sweep is South West
Water's £2 billion project to
transform the South West
Region’s bathing waters and
sewerage network.
£63 million in Plymouth
The Plymouth Urban
Diffuse Pollution Project
EA, PCC and SWW working to
improve water quality at
Plymouth Hoe by identifying
and fixing point sources.

17. Water Quality – diffuse sources
Contribution of pollution from diffuse sources in the catchment
Nutrients
• Phosphorus compounds
• Nitrates/Nitrites
• Ammonia compounds
Physico‐chemistry
• Dissolved oxygen
• Colour
• Turbidity / suspended solids
• Smell & taste
Microbiology
• Faecal indicator organisms (FIO)
• Other bacteria
• Cryptosporidium spp.
• Algae
Pesticides
• Acid herbicides
• Neutral herbicides
• Insecticides

18. Water Quality – diffuse sources
A well established toolbox of measures to reduce rural diffuse pollution

19. Water Quality – diffuse sources
A well established toolbox of measures to reduce rural diffuse pollution

20. Water Quality – diffuse sources
Identifying land most likely to having an
impact on water quality:  opportunity
 Soil hydrology & condition
• Run‐off risk
• Leaching risk
 Topography (i.e. slope)
 Hydrological connectivity
• Proximity to watercourse
• Flood plain
• Surface & sub‐surface flow accumulation
 Land cover
• Natural habitats (wetland, woodland or peatland)
• Farmed land (tillage or permanent grass)

21. Water Quality – diffuse sources
Identifying land most likely to having an
impact on water quality:  opportunity
 Soil hydrology & condition
• Run‐off risk
• Leaching risk
 Topography (i.e. slope)
 Hydrological connectivity
• Proximity to watercourse
• Flood plain
• Surface & sub‐surface flow accumulation
 Land cover
• Natural habitats (wetland, woodland or peatland)
• Farmed land (tillage or permanent grass)

22. Water Quality – diffuse sources
Current funding & activities specifically working to improve water quality –

23. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

24. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
 Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall
• Drinking water
• Ecological health
• Dilution of pollution
• Hydropower

25. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
 Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall
• Drinking water
• Ecological health
• Dilution of pollution
• Hydropower
1. Climate Change

26. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
 Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall
• Drinking water
• Ecological health
• Dilution of pollution
• Hydropower
1. Climate Change
2. Population Growth

27. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Measures to enhance & sustain base‐flows (land‐based approaches)

28. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain
base‐flows in rivers & streams
 Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas
e.g. high grade farm land
Tamar 2000
Wetland Research Project

29. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain
base‐flows in rivers & streams
 Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas
e.g. high grade farm land
Wetland Vision Map

30. Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain
base‐flows in rivers & streams
 Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas
e.g. high grade farm land
Wetland Vision Map

31. Water Regulation (high flows)
 High flows – flood risk management
• Damage to property
• Economic impacts
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Policy 1
Areas of little or no flood risk where we will
continue to monitor and advise
Policy 4
Areas of low, moderate or high flood risk where
we are already managing the flood risk effectively
but where we may need to take further actions to
keep pace with climate change
Policy 6
Areas of low to moderate flood risk where we will
take action with others to store water or manage
run‐off in locations that provide overall flood risk
reduction or environmental benefits

32. Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
 Large body of evidence at small‐scale
• Demonstrable benefits
• High cost‐benefit ratio

33. Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
 Large body of evidence at small‐scale
• Demonstrable benefits
• High cost‐benefit ratio

34. Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
 Large body of evidence at small‐scale
• Demonstrable benefits
• High cost‐benefit ratio

35. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

36. Spaces for wildlife
Current provision of habitats &
functional ecological networks

37. Spaces for wildlife
Current provision of habitats &
functional ecological networks
 Woodland Inventory (FC)
 Ancient Woodland Inventory
 NE Habitat Inventories (LRC data?)
 Culm Inventory (?)

38. Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision
of ecological networks
 Wetland restoration & creation
 Woodland creation
 Peatland restoration
 Habitat creation on farmland
 Where…?
• Greatest chance of success
i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitat
i.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas

39. Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision
of ecological networks
 Wetland restoration & creation
 Woodland creation
 Peatland restoration
 Habitat creation on farmland
 Where…?
• Greatest chance of success
i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitat
i.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland
suitability map
+
Proximity to
existing habitat

40. Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision
of ecological networks
 Wetland restoration & creation
 Woodland creation
 Peatland restoration
 Habitat creation on farmland
 Where…?
• Greatest chance of success
i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitat
i.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland
suitability map
+
Proximity to
existing habitat

41. Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision
of ecological networks
 Wetland restoration & creation
 Woodland creation
 Peatland restoration
 Habitat creation on farmland
 Where…?
• Greatest chance of success
i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitat
i.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland
suitability map
+
Proximity to
existing habitat

42. Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision
of ecological networks
 Wetland restoration & creation
 Woodland creation
 Peatland restoration
 Habitat creation on farmland
 Where…?
• Greatest chance of success
i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitat
i.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland
suitability map
+
Proximity to
existing habitat

43. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

44. Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a
number of ways –
 Changes in land management practices
• Reduced tillage
• Increased soil organic matter
• Reduced use of fertilisers
 Landuse change
• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
 Water table management (re‐wetting land)
 Where…?
• Land with high sequestration potential
• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business
• No increase in emission of other GHGs

45. Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a
number of ways –
 Changes in land management practices
• Reduced tillage
• Increased soil organic matter
• Reduced use of fertilisers
 Landuse change
• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
 Water table management (re‐wetting land)
 Where…?
• Land with high sequestration potential
• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business
• No increase in emission of other GHGs

46. Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a
number of ways –
 Changes in land management practices
• Reduced tillage
• Increased soil organic matter
• Reduced use of fertilisers
 Landuse change
• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
 Water table management (re‐wetting land)
 Where…?
• Land with high sequestration potential
• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business
• No increase in emission of other GHGs

47.  Changes in land management practices
• Reduced tillage
• Increased soil organic matter
• Reduced use of fertilisers
 Landuse change
• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
 Water table management (re‐wetting land)
 Where…?
• Land with high sequestration potential
• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business
• No increase in emission of other GHGs
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a
number of ways –

48. Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:
The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem
health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:
The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are
maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:
The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy
wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:
The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:
The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural
activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…

49. Recreational Resources
There are 2 types of recreation:‐
 Attractions or location‐specific resources that offer specific activities or a specialty
or high quality experience for a particular interest group.
 Publically accessible spaces where people spend their casual or informal
recreation and leisure time.
Image: Fir0002/Flagstaffotos
Image: Ross Hoddinott

50. Recreational Resources
Where are recreational opportunities
provided now?
Recreation in the Tamar
• Boating & sailing
• Canoeing (rivers, estuary & sea)
• Angling (coarse/game/sea)
• Rowing (gig rowing, rowing boats etc.)
• Surfing, wind-surfing & kite surfing
• Water-skiing (lakes, estuary & sea)
• Swimming (freshwater & sea)
• Diving & snorkelling
• Coasteering & canyoning
• Shooting
• Ornithology & natural history
• Walking, hiking, rambling & running
• Caravanning & camping
• Orienteering & geocaching
• Cycling
• Motorsports (motorbikes / 4x4)
• Equestrian
• Heritage, parks & gardens
• Leisure & casual recreation
• Photography, art & spiritual activities
• Voluntary work & conservation
• Local community activities
• Other sports (golf, cricket, football
etc.)

51. Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating
new recreational opportunities
 Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
 Increase access to existing greenspaces
 Increase connectivity
 Increase provision to address deficiency
or meet new demand.

52. Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating
new recreational opportunities
 Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
 Increase access to existing greenspaces
 Increase connectivity
 Increase provision to address deficiency
or meet new demand.

53. Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating
new recreational opportunities
 Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
 Increase access to existing greenspaces
 Increase connectivity
 Increase provision to address deficiency
or meet new demand.
Tourism and Rural Access in Cornwall – Kensey Trail

54. Developing a shared vision
Identifying multi‐functional ES areas…
Risks/threats
Pressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4
PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL
CHARACTER
Ecosystem Services
 Biodiversity
 Productivity
 Treatment cost
 Eco. health
 Aesthetics
 Safety
 Flood risk
 Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats
for wildlife
Recreational &
cultural use
Provision of
clean water
Regulation of
river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
‘Markets’
Potential for trade
‐ Beneficiaries
‐ Buyers
‐ Society…?
Where do these occur…and
what is their impact
How can we reduce
these risks…?
Where can we get
the most benefits..?
Are there key locations
vital for service
provision..?
Can we predict or detect
improvements flowing back
through the system..?who
pays..?
Can work to improve one
service also improve others..?
- Same land or same activity
do they or will
they pay..?
Which ecosystem components
play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -
where are they..?

55. Multifunctional ES Areas
Several key themes emerge…
 Risk (innate or practice‐derived)
 Suitability/feasibility for intervention
 Key strategic areas – beneficiaries
• Where are they..?
• What are their needs..?
Optimal cost‐beneficial targeting of
interventions
Delivering measures in multifunctional
areas could enhance delivery of multiple
ecosystem services

56. Multifunctional
priority areas
Delivery
Framework
Toolbox of
interventions
Habitat creation
Landuse change
Farm infrastructure
Best practice advice
Integrated vision for the
catchment