2. Si está interesado en videovigilancia le recomendamos visitar la
siguiente microsite dedicada a videovigilancia IP.
www.videovigilanciadlink.es
En este sitio web encontrá documentos tecnológicos, cursos, soluciones
y lo último en legislación.
Si por el contrario lo que busca es conocer las últimas noticias del
mundo de la videovigilancia, entonces no se pierda
www.videovigilando.es
5. Switching from Analog to Digital Camera
Up to 16-32 channels
Analog
Cameras Monitor
Coax Cable
DVR
digitization
Network
Cameras Ethernet
Cable (PoE)
PC
(Management
Switch Software) /
(PoE)
NVR
Facilities and Signal Transmission All Digitalized Thru TCP/IP
7. Network Camera Breakup Structure
• Optical (Lens, Sensor)
• IP module (TV decoder/TV encoder, video
codec, network)
Camera
Sensor
Camera
IP
board
board
with
Lens
&
ICR
8. Network Camera Breakup Structure
IP
Board
Camera
Board
Housing
and
back
panel
ICR
Front
cover
I/O
connectors
POE
Screw
AI
connector
Auto
Iris
lens
10. Network Camera Breakup Structure
Video
Codec
(SoC)
(Front)
(Back)
CF
card
slot
IP
Board
detail
11. Network Camera Breakup Structure
" Peripheral (Lens, enclosure, illuminator, scanner, bracket etc...)
Camera
with
C/CS
Camera
with
Camera
with
illuminator
mount
Lens
Bracket
Camera
with
Scanner
Camera
with
enclosure
13. NTSC and PAL IP Surveillance Essential
• Resolution
Recorded video is composed of scan lines. These lines can be displayed in two ways:
• Interlaced scan
• Progressive scan
There are two analog video standard resolutions:
• NTSC (National Television System Committee)
D1 720 x 576
4CIF 704 x 576
• PAL (Phase Alternating Line)
4CIF 704 x 480
D1 720 x 480
2CIF 704 x 288
2CIF 704 x 240
CIF 352 x 288
CIF 352 x 240
QCIF 176 x 144
QCIF 176 x 120
NTSC Image Resolutions PAL Image Resolutions
14. Sensor type and function
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensor has better light CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
sensitivity and produces less noise image than CMOS sensors offers more integration and functionality on the
sensors. chip
CCD complex process consumes a lot more power, as much Lower power dissipation
as 100 times more power than CMOS sensor. CMOS is cheaper
Light sensitivity of CMOS sensors is almost equal to CCD
sensors now
Interlaced
CMOS
Interlaced
CCD
Progressive
CMOS
Progressive
CCD
15. CCD Technology IP Surveillance Essential
• Image Sensors
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensor is a mature sensor technology that has been used
in cameras.
Special process is used in CCDs manufacturing to create the ability of CCD to transmit
charge across the chip without distortion thus CCD has better light sensitivity and
produces less noise image than CMOS sensors.
CCD complex process consumes a lot more power, as much as 100 times more power
than CMOS sensor.
16. CMOS Technology IP Surveillance Essential
• Image Sensors
Compared to CCD sensors, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
sensors offers more integration and functionality on the chip, with lower power dissipation
at chip level, and faster readout, which are important advantages for producing high
quality image.
CMOS is cheaper as compared to CCD sensor because the chip can be fabricated on
almost any standard silicon production line.
Light sensitivity of CMOS sensors is lower than CCD sensors because each pixel on a
CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, thus many of the photos hit the
transistors instead of the photodiode.
17. Megapixel Resolution IP Surveillance Essential
• Resolution
Pixel is a tiny square of color, the smallest component of a digital image. One megapixel
consists of a million of individual pixel.
A camera with megapixel resolution has a megapixel sensor that can produce an image
using a million or more pixels in it.
The more pixels a sensor has, the more details and higher quality the image can be
produced.
Details of image produced by the camera is one of the most important aspects in
surveillance system.
Display format No. of megapixels Pixels
SXGA 1.3 megapixels 1280 x 1024
UXGA 1.9 megapixel 1600 x 1200
18. Megapixel Sensor
Resolution means details of an image. For video surveillance applications, to
easily identify a criminal usually requires a high resolution image.
The maximum resolution of analog camera is:
• NTSC D1(704x480 = 337,920) similar 0.3 Megapixel
• PAL D1(704x576= 405,504) equals 0.4 Megapixel
Usually, only CIF resolution is used for recording:
• NTSC CIF(352x240 = 84,480) similar 0.08 Megapixel
• PAL CIF(352x288= 101,376) equals 0.1 Megapixel
Currently only IP cameras that use digital compression and transmission can
achieve megapixel resolution. Higher resolutions are expected in the
future.
A common megapixel format is
• CMOS 1.3M(1280x1024=1,310,720) equals 1.3 Megapixel
• CCD 1.3M(1280x960=1,228,800) similar 1.2 Megapixel
It’s 4 times higher than analog cameras!
19. Megapixel Sensor
1.3 megapixel Camera provides up to 4 times higher resolution than common VGA/D1
camera
Megapixel resolution provides details and clarity not seen on traditional analog and VGA
cameras, especially at the border of the object.
Megapixel VGA
20. Megapixel Sensor
1.3 megapixel Camera provides up to 4 times higher resolution than common VGA/D1
camera
Megapixel resolution provides details and clarity not seen on traditional analog and VGA
cameras, especially at the border of the object.
CIF
D1
/
VGA
Mega
pixel
21. 16x Digital Zoom
1x ~ 16x digital zoom adjustable at VGA resolution
16x zoom size of 2mm actual size of 36mm
1x video @ VGA resolution
The left image is a 16x zoom image for 2mm
length. The right image is around 18 pcs of
2mm actual length.
Therefore, DCS-2121/2102 supports 16x
digital zoom
16x digital zoom
23. Light Sensitivity IP Surveillance Essential
• Light Sensitivity
Light sensitivity of a surveillance camera is the luminance level, measured in lux, at which
the camera produces a satisfactory image.
The lower the lux rating, the more sensitive is the camera to the light. A camera with
lower lux rating will perform better in low-light condition.
Generally, the camera needs at least 200 lux to produce a good quality image. With more
light on the object, the camera will produce the better image.
Illuminance Light environment
32000 – 130000 lux Direct sunlight
10000 – 25000 lux Daylight – non direct sun
320 – 500 lux Recommended office lighting
80 lux Hallway / toilet
0.27 lux Full moon on a clear night
24. Lens type and function
Fixed lens Varifocal lens
Fixed focal length Variety of focal length( need to manually
refocus the lens every time they change the
Fixed iris field of view of the camera)
Fixed zoom Manual/auto Iris
Manual/auto zoom
Board
mount
Lens
Board
mount
Lens
C/CS
mount
Lens
C/CS
mount
Lens
25. Field of View IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
There are three types of surveillance camera’s field of view:
• Normal View
Normal view offers the same field of view with human eye.
• Telephoto
Telephoto offers narrower field of view as compared to human eye, but better details of
image. This type of view is usually used for small or far surveillance object.
• Wide Angle
Wide angle offers wider field of view as compared to human eye, but lesser details of image.
This type is usually used for viewing larger areas of surveillance.
Wide Angle Normal View Telephoto
26. Field of View IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
There are three types of lens categorized based on how their field of view is adjusted:
• Fixed lens
This type of lens provides fixed focal length and only supports one field of view,
either of telephoto, normal or wide angle, and is usually designed for optimal
resolution. A fixed IP camera usually has 4 mm focal length.
• Verifocal lens
This type of lens provides a variety of vocal length and supports different fields of
view. A verifocal IP camera offers a range of 3 mm to 8 mm focal length. One
limitation of such lens is that users need to manually refocus the lens every time
they change the field of view of the camera.
• Zoom lens
Similar to verifocal lens, Zoom lens gives users the flexibility of adjusting the focal
length and field of view. With zoom lens, users do not need to refocus the lens
when they adjust the focal length. A lens zoom capability is the ratio between the
lens’ shortest and longest focal length, for example in the case of an 8x-zoom, the
shortest focal length will be 6 mm and the longest 48 mm.
27. Focal Length
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges
(focuses) or diverges (defocuses) light.
In photography, longer focal length or lower optical power is associated with larger magnification
of distant objects.
9mm (0.4lux outdoor)
22mm (0.4lux outdoor)
28. Matching Lens and Sensor
When an IP camera offers an exchangeable lens feature, selecting a suitable lens for the
camera is one of the most important factor in order to fully utilize the camera’s capability.
If a smaller lens is used instead of the one that actually fits the image sensor of the
camera, the resulting image will have black corners (Left Image below). If a larger lens is
used instead of the one that actually fits the image sensor of the camera, it will not fully
utilize the lens’ field of view (Right Image below), and will have a smaller field of field than
the lens’ capability.
1/2” Sensor 1/2” Sensor 1/2” Sensor
Black
Corner 1/3” Lens
1/2” Lens
2/3” Lens
29. F-Number & Exposure IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
F-Number, also known as focal ratio, define light-gathering ability of a lens – the amount
of light allowed to pass through the lens.
F-Number, f/#, is the ratio of lens’ focus length to diameter of the lens aperture.
f/# = N = f/D
f is focal length, and D is diameter of lens’ aperture. Common F-number on a lens
are f/1, f/2, f/4, f/8, etc.
The lower the f-number, the more light can pass through the lens. This kind of lens
perform better and produce higher quality image in low-light situation compared to lens
with higher f-number.
F-number f1.0 f1.2 f1.4 f1.7 f2.8 f4.0 f5.6
% of light passed 20% 14.14% 10% 7.07% 2.5% 1.25% 0.625%
30. Manual or Automatic Iris IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
In camera, a diaphragm is an opaque structure with an aperture in its center
to limit the amount of light that passes through the lens. Most of modern
cameras use adjustable diaphragm called an iris diaphragm or often
referred as an iris.
Manual Iris
• Lens with manual iris usually provides either a ring for users to
manually adjust the iris, or the iris is fixed at a specific f-number.
• Manual iris lens is most suitable for environments with constant light
level such as indoor environments.
Automatic Iris
• Lens with automatic iris, the aperture of the iris is automatically
adjusted and controlled by the camera processor to maintain optimum
light level to the image sensor. Generally, camera processor controls
the automatic iris via direct current (DC) thus automatic iris is also
known as DC-iris.
• Automatic iris lens is most suitable for outdoor environment where the
light level is constantly changing.
31. Day & Night Solution
Infrared LED is usually used for night surveillance, with camera set to allow Infrared (IR)
light pass thru sensor to get night vision
Solution 1: With dual-band filter, cameras can be used during day time with visible light as
well as for night time with IR light (extra IR LED illuminator required). This is the most
entry level solution that can work in the day and at night, but sometimes its side effect
may affect picture color for day time.
Solution 2: With ICR (Infrared-Cut Removable filter) module, it can use 2 filters for day and
night time to provide better color performance, but at a higher cost.
Solution 3: Camera with built-in IR LED for illumination and dual-band or ICR filter to
provide advanced functionality, usually known as an all-in-one camera.
32. Day & Night Solution - Light
Light perception
• Light is a form of radiation wave energy that exists in a spectrum. The
human eye can see, however, only a portion (between wavelengths of
~400 – 700 nanometers or nm).
• The following illustration shows the wavelength where human eyes will
not be able to see: outside the range to the left of the BLUE color below
400nm is the ultraviolet light, and outside the range to the right of the
RED color above 700nm is the infrared light.
33. Day & Night Solution – IR-Cut Filter
IR cut coating in all camera
• Normal camera with coating filter allows only visible light to pass through
• Can’t see anything in night mode
34. Day & Night Solution - ICR
ICR (IR-Cut Removable) Lens
• Remove IR-cut filter during night time will give best results
• True day and night
• But more expensive
Without ICR With ICR ICR Lens Module
35. Day & Night Solution – Dual Band
Dual band coating to allow visible
light and IR illumination to pass
through.
Problem of dual band coating
• Sensors respond to both
visible light and infrared light
• White balance algorithm will
be affected by the infrared
• Image have color problem in
strong IR light environment
Filter
glass.
36. Day & Night Solution – IR Camera
Structure of IR Camera
• With condenser, the distance of IR can reach up to two times
further than without.
IR LED
Optical Condenser
37. Day & Night Solution
Devices
with
con
Dual-‐band
filter:
DCS-‐6110
DCS-‐7510
DCS-‐3420
DCS-‐7410
Devices
with
ICR
(Infrared-‐Cut
Removable
filter):
DCS-‐3110
DCS-‐3415
DCS-‐3430
DCS-‐3710
DCS-‐6505/6535
Devices
with
built-‐in
IR
LED
&
dual-‐band
Filter
or
ICR
Filter:
DCS-‐5230
DCS-‐6111
DCS-‐7410
DCS-‐6511
DCS-‐7110
38. Image/Video Control – 3A Support
Automatic Electronic Shutter (AES) – Feature that automatically adjust exposure time
according to the environment light and catch fast moving object to ensure image clarity.
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) – Electronic circuit that amplifies the video signal when the
strength of the signal falls below a given value.
Automatic White Balance (AWB) – Technology that balances the image colors against a
light color object in the camera's view.
Correct White Balance Incorrect White Balance
39. Wide Dynamic Range (WDR)
WDR is a new sensor technology for handling extreme variations of bright and dark
conditions within the same scene, allowing it to function like the human eye which quickly
adjusts to changing lighting conditions.
40. Wide Dynamic Range (WDR)
Wide Dynamic Range Technology uses two shutter speeds, high and normal, in
alternative video fields and combines these two fields into one frame. This will allow
details to be captured accurately even if one area is bright and another is dark by
combining the fields to one frame, thus yielding higher quality images.
Original Image BLC WDR
41. WDR Application
WDR sensor is capable of capturing both the dark and bright areas of a scene to
combine the differences and generate a highly realistic image as the real scene.
As it preserves as much information within the video as possible, the WDR camera is
able to provide video quality close to the capabilities of the human eye.
It is largely applied in highly contrast environments such as lobby entrances, parking lots,
ATM, loading areas and much more.
Normal Camera WDR Camera
42. Video Compression IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
Uncompressed or raw video data consumes very large amount of data storage
and requires high bandwidth to transmit.
Video compression is a technique to reduce or remove some quantity of video
data with acceptable quality so that the digital video can be stored or sent in
an efficient size.
There are many compression technologies available in the market which may
be proprietary or following industry standard. Most network vendors use
standard compression technique to ensure compatibility and interoperability.
43. Video Codec IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
Video Codec (encoder/decoder) is a pair of algorithms used for
compressing and/or decompressing digital video.
Different algorithms can be implemented in the same hardware or
software which will allow multiple formats to coexist. Different
algorithms however may not be compatible with each other, and
video compressed with one algorithm usually cannot be
decompressed using a different algorithm.
Some of the commonly used video codec include:
• MPEG-1 : used for Video CDs
• MPEG-2 : used for DVD, SVCD and most digital video
broadcasting and cable distribution system
• MPEG-4 : used for Internet, broadcast and storage media
• WMV: Microsoft’s family of video codec designs
44. Motion JPEG IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
Motion JPEG is a digital video sequence format that consist of a series of
individual JPEG image. A series of image frames is considered as a motion video
if 16 image frames or more are shown in one second. 30 (NTSC) or 25 (PAL)
frames per second will be recognized as full motion video.
Each image frame in the video sequence should have the same quality depending
on the compression level. The higher the compression level, the lower the image
quality and file size.
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
45. MPEG-4 IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
MPEG-4 is one of the licensed standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts
Group), a committee formed by ISO to set standard for audio and video compression.
One of the main advantage of MPEG-4 is that MPEG-4 offers high quality image with
minimum file size thus MPEG-4 is suitable for low bandwidth application that requires
high quality images.
MPEG-4 uses an algorithm that compares a frame with its reference frame and only
pixels that are different from the reference frame are coded.
Transmitted
Not Transmitted
46. H.264 IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
H.264, also known as MPEG-4 part 10/AVC, is the latest MPEG video compression
standard. Without affecting image quality, H.264 can reduce the size of a digital video file
by more than 80% as compared with motion JPEG format, and by more than 50% as
compared with MPEG-4 standard.
H.264 delivers excellent video quality across an entire bandwidth spectrum from 3G to HD
and everything in between (from 40 Kbps to upwards of 10 Mbps).
The improved compression performance of H.264 comes at the price of greater
computational cost. H.264 is more sophisticated than earlier compression methods.
The highly efficient compression technology of H.264 is expected to support the adaptation
of higher performance network cameras such as megapixel camera.
MPEG-2 MPEG-4 H.264
47. Compression Format Comparison
Video Compression Type
MJPEG MPEG-4 H.264
Low bit rate streams No Yes Yes
Stream size @ 30fps D1 1800KBps 60KBps 60KBps
Stream size @ 2fps D1 60KBps 50KBps 50KBps
Compression quality Standard Good Excellent
Computational Low Medium High
requirement
Applications Security DVD, Digital TV, Security surveillance,
surveillance Satellite TV, Personal video phone, video
video recorders, mobile conferencing, digital
streaming, internet TV, satellite TV, mobile
streaming, camcorders streaming
48. Frame Rate IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
Frame rate is the measurement of number of frames or images that an imaging
device produces in one second.
Video with higher frame rate has a higher quality image and smoother object
movement, but has a larger file size.
NTSC frame rate is 60 interlaced field per second or approximately 29.87 frame per
second. (2 fields will combine into 1 frame)
PAL frame rate is 50 interlaced field per second or 25 frame per second. (2 fields
will combine into 1 frame).
49. Audio Support IP Surveillance Essential
• Audio
In traditional analog surveillance system, implementation of audio support
needs two separate cables for audio and video data.
IP surveillance supports audio implementation in the system. IP camera with
audio support can process and send both audio and video data over the same
IP network infrastructure for monitoring, recording or any other audio/video
processing.
Analog Surveillance System
Video Stream Monitor
Analog Camera
Audio Stream DVR
IP Surveillance System
IP Network
Video Stream
Audio Stream
IP Camera Management Server
50. Audio Compression – Audio Codec
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
• Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized encoding mechanism for
digital audio that uses lossy compression. AAC generally offers better sound
quality than MP3 at many bit rates. AAC encoding compresses more efficiently
and thus produces higher quality audio with smaller file sizes.
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
• Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an audio data compression scheme optimized for
speech coding. AMR is now widely used in GSM and UMTS. It uses link
adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based on link
conditions.
Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (ADPCM)
• ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse-code modulation) is a technique for
converting sound or analog information to digital information by taking frequent
samples of the sound and converting the value of the sampled sound
modulation in binary terms. ADPCM is used to send sound on fiber-optic long-
distance lines to store sound together with text, images, and codes to CD-ROM
or other media.
51. Streaming Technologies IP Networking Essential
• Local Area Network
What is Streaming?
• Streaming provides the ability to grab multimedia data (i.e. audio, video, and other types of
multimedia) from a source or a streaming provider to deliver to the end user, which in the
following illustration, is the user's computer.
Different technologies for data streaming:
• RTP (Real-time Transfer Protocol)
• RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol)
• RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol)
Client in the network streams
multimedia data from the
multimedia server
Internal Client
Multimedia server
Switch
Gigabit uplink to internal
multimedia server
Client
52. Dual Stream / Multi-Profile
All the new cameras are featured with MPEG4 and
MJPEG dual stream. It can stream 2 different
stream with independent compression,
resolution and frame rate. This will benefit end
user to view the video from different site or
device
• e.g. one from PC, one from mobile phone
Multi-profile means the IP camera can stream more
than 2 streams. Some of the new models
support this feature.
• e.g. Using CIF and MPEG4 for Web
Viewing, QCIF and MPEG4 for 3G Mobile
Viewing, and D1 and MJPEG for
Recording
53. 3GPP Video Streaming
Using this feature it is possible to remotely visualize IP camera live video on your 3G Phone.
(eg. rstp://ipcameras.dlinkddns.com:559)
54. Bandwidth Needs
IP Surveillance system with less than 10 IP cameras can be implemented in 100
Mbps network without having to consider bandwidth limitation.
Implementing more than 10 IP cameras using gigabit backbone connection will
provide better performance and prevent the IP surveillance system from
overwhelming the network. This is because high quality image with high
frame rate used by the IP Camera can use up to more than 2 to 3 Mbps of
network bandwidth.
55. Calculating Storage Needs
H.264 and MPEG-4 calculation
• Mega bit per hour = approx. bit rate x 3600s
Compression Resolution Approx. bit rate Mega bit per Mega Byte per
Type (Kbps) hour hour
H.264 CIF 110 396 49.5
4CIF 600 2160 270
MPEG-4 CIF 170 612 76.5
4CIF 880 3168 396
M-JPEG calculation
• Mega bit per hour = image size x frame per second x 3600s
Resolution Image size (Kb) Frames per Mega bit per Mega Byte per
second hour hour
CIF 104 15 5616 702
4CIF 320 15 17280 2160
56. Digital Input/Digital Output (DI/DO)
The following is a list of external devices that can be connected to
the I/O connector of the D-Link IP Camera.
• DI interface:
• Siren/Alarm relays
• PIR Motion Sensor
• Temperature sensor
• Simple on/off switch
• DO interface:
• External light (Illuminator, etc)
• Any relayed control device
57. RS-485
RS-485 is a serial data communication protocol that allows multiple PTZ
cameras on the same twisted pair cable to connect via serial connection for
control from one camera to the next
RS-485 offers high data transmission speeds (Up to 35Mbps on 10 meters
distance and up to 100Kbps on 1200 meters distance) and is able to cover
relatively long distances (approximately 1200 meters)
When included with an IP camera, the RS-485 interface can be used for
connecting the IP Camera to an external PTZ scanner
58. Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Power over Ethernet, with its standard protocol defined by IEEE 802.3af specification,
delivers electrical power (DC voltage) over the same network cable of a device for
sending data traffic.
Certain models of D-link IP Cameras support Power over Ethernet (PoE) to provide more
flexibility and easier implementation of the IP camera without the need to worry about
finding a connection to nearest power supply.
PoE is especially useful for scenarios where power supply is not available or is difficult to
reach at the location where the IP Camera is to be installed.
With PoE support on the IP Camera, connection to power outlet is no longer needed. All that is
needed is for the IP camera to be connected to a Switch with PoE built-in.
PoE Switch
Current electric
Data traffic
PoE IP Camera
59. What we can do if the device is not PoE?
Switch
PoE
802.3af
(DES-‐1228P)
Power 12V
SpliWer
Data+ Power 48V
IP
Camera
DCS-‐5220
Datos
Power 12V
Data
Power 48V + Data
60. Event Triggered Recording
With event-based recording feature enabled,
D-Link IP camera will automatically start
recording every time specific event set by
administrator occurs
Four types of event can trigger D-Link IP Camera
to run an action as specified by the
administrator such as to start recording. The
events are:
• Motion detection
• Digital input of external devices (e.g. PIR
motion sensor, alarm relays)
• Periodic schedule
• Specifies the duration for action
trigger to send out email of captured
image for scheduled event
• System boot
• System will trigger camera to run the
specified action at boot-up
61. Motion Detection
Motion detection feature, if enabled, will trigger the IP camera to send the snapshot/video
clip to remote server (Email, FTP) or to record the event to local storage.
How does motion detection in D-Link IP Camera works?
• D-Link IP Cameras that support motion detection feature allow three different areas to be
monitored for motion detection.
• Sensitivity and Percentage parameters must be defined in order for the motion detection of
the IP camera to work.
Figure B – How motion detection work
Figure A – Percentage Indicator
62. Front End Storage
Front end storage can store video at the camera for backup. It can
stop storing after the disk is full or continuously overwrite to keep
the latest data.
Currently it supports CF card, SD card or Micro SD card.
63. IP66 and IP44 (Environmental Certification)
The European Committee for Electro technical Standardization developed the Ingress
Protection (IP) ratings (CENELEC) (described in IEC/EN 60529), which specifies the
degrees of protection against the intrusion of solid objects to a piece of electrical
equipment or enclosures.
The way in which the index and classification works is as follows:
The IP will be made up of two numbers
• The first states the level of mechanical protection from thing such as dust and other solid
objects.
• The second number indicates the degree of protection from water and other liquids.
Examples of this certification are IP code 66 (total protection against dust, and also
against heavy water spray) and IP code 44 (protection against solid object over 1 mm
and also against sprayed water from all direction).
64. Rule of IP Code – IP66 and IP44
IP first number IP second number
Protection against solid object Protection against liquid
0 No protection.
0 No Protection
1 Protection against vertically falling drops of water e.g.
1 Protected against solid objects up to 50mm, e.g. condensation.
accidental touch by hands.
2 Protection against direct sprays of water up to 15° from
the vertical.
2 Protected against solid objects up to 12mm, e.g.
fingers. 3 Protected against direct sprays of water up to 60° from
the vertical.
3 Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm
(tools and wires). 4 Protection against water sprayed from all directions.
limited ingress permitted.
4 Protected against solid objects over 1mm (tools, 5 Protected against low pressure jets of water from all
wire, and small wires). directions. limited ingress.
5 Protected against dust limited ingress (no 6 Protected against low pressure jets of water, e.g. for use
harmful deposit). on ship decks - limited ingress permitted.
6 Totally protected against dust. 7 Protected against the effect of immersion between 15cm
and 1m.
8 Protects against long periods of immersion under
pressure.
66. Vari-focal adjustment with outdoor housing
The focus and zoom control are located at the external of the enclosure for
ease of adjustment.
67. Video Server (Encoder)
A video server (also referred to as video encoder) digitizes analog video signals and sends
digital images directly over an IP network, such as a LAN, intranet or Internet
It turns an analog video system into a network video system and enables users to view live
images using a Web browser or a video management software on any local or remote
computer on a network
It allows authorized viewers from different locations to simultaneously access images from
the same analog camera as well as network cameras if they are added to the system
The Video Server is suitable as a solution for targeting the market which has existing
analog CCTV cameras and looking into converting its CCTV into an IP-compatible
surveillance system to provide users with remote access for video imaging through the
LAN, Intranet or Internet.
CCTV (Analog Video Internet Remote User
Camera) Server
IP Camera
