Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Semelhante a Physical Development
Semelhante a Physical Development (20)
Mais de Dr. Neeta Gupta
Mais de Dr. Neeta Gupta (20)
Último
Último (20)
Physical Development
- 1. Physical- Development Dr Neeta Gupta Practitioner Of CBT,REBT & EFT Associate Professor DAV (PG) College Dehradun
- 2. Physical development includes both growth and the ability to use muscles and body parts for particular skills. Both gross (large muscle movements) and fine (small movements) motor skills contribute to physical development, and children often learn a set of skills by a certain age.
- 3. PD means the progress of a child’s control over his body. This includes control over muscles, physical coordination, ability to sit and stand. The physical changes occur in the following dimensions: 1.Changes in gross physical structure 2.Changes in internal organs
- 4. Stages of Child’s Development: Rousseau attempted to divide the child’s development in 4 stages: 1.Infancy upto 5 years 2. Childhood upto 12 years 3. Adolescence upto 18 years 4. Maturity from 18 years onwards
- 5. Physical development is the physical growth from birth to adulthood. Milestones of Physical development at different ages. At 1 month- holds head up At 2 months smiles with recognition At 3 months reaches out for objects At 4 months sets up with support
- 6. At 5 months sits on lap and grasps given objects At 6 months sits on chair with back rest and graspes dangling objects At 7 months sits unaided At 8 months tries to crawl
- 7. At 9 months to 12 months crawls Pulls to stand At 12 months to 17 months moves into sitting position without support pulls up to stand and walk alone while holding onto furniture takes few steps without support stands alone`
- 8. 18 months -23 months- walks alone Runs Pulls toys while walking Helps undress self Eats with a spoon
- 9. 24 months-48months- Begins to run Walks up and down, Throws ball overhead Stands on tiptoes, Kicks a ball Plays with children of same age Recognizes colours, shape etc
- 10. 48-60months(4-5 years)- Leaps, jump and swings,Speaks clearly Listen to stories and can repeat them Is curious about activities of adult Is curious to learn more
- 11. 5-6 years Performs simple tasks with interest Can understand rules and regulations, can dance, climb, hop etc Distinguishes tastes Lace their shoes , can button the shirt
- 12. Adolescence Progression to adolescence is marked by a rapid acceleration in the velocity of growth of almost all body parts, although different parts of the body reach their peak rate of growth at different times. The duration of the period of acceleration, called the adolescent growth spurt, is reached.
- 13. The adolescent stage of growth is also the phase during which secondary sexual characteristics develop, such as changes to the external genitalia and differences in body size and body composition.
- 14. Adulthood and Senescence The transition from adolescence to adulthood is primarily characterized by two events: the end of increases in height and full reproductive maturity. The course of physical growth during adulthood is relatively uneventful. Regular, weight-bearing physical activity will increase muscle mass; regular, low-intensity exercise will generally decrease body fat, whereas overeating will increase the amount of body fat. Generally speaking, however, the adult stage is characterized by its stability.
- 15. There are two general patterns of physical growth. 1.Cephalocaudal development and 2.Proximodistal development
- 16. Cephalocaudal means head to toe. As such, the cephalocaudal principle refers to the general pattern of development seen in the earliest years of postnatal development specifically ranging from infancy into toddlerhood. The cephalocaudal principle applies to both physical and functional development.
- 18. Cephalocaudal development is the tendency for growth to follow a sequence in which development moves from top to bottom. For example, a child's head develops much sooner than his or her legs. This is true both in terms of physical growth and motor development.
- 19. The proximodistal pattern of development is where growth starts at the centre of the body and moves towards the extremities. An example of such a pattern is the early development of muscular control of the trunk and arms relative to the hands and fingers
- 21. What are the 4 principles of growth? The principles are: 1. Development is Continuous 2. Development is Gradual 3. Development is Sequential 4. Rate of Development Varies from Person to Person 5. Development Proceeds from General to Specific 6. Most Traits are Correlated in Development
- 22. Growth refers to an increase in size evident through physical change. Growth is also used to refer to consistent growing and an increase in value. When your child increases in height and weight, then they are experiencing a growth process. On the other hand, development refers to a process of gradual transformation.
- 23. Factors affecting Physical-Development: 1. Heredity Heredity is the transmission of physical characteristics from parents to children through their genes. It influences all aspects of physical appearance such as height, weight, body structure, the colour of the eye, the texture of the hair, and even intelligence and aptitudes.
- 24. 2. Environment The environment plays a critical role in the development of children and it represents the sum total of physical and psychological stimulation the child receives. Some of the environmental factors influencing early childhood development involve the physical surroundings and geographical conditions of the place the child lives in, as well his social environment and relationships with family and peers.
- 25. 3. Sex Boys and girls grow in different ways, especially nearing puberty. Boys tend to be taller and physically stronger than girls. However, girls tend to mature faster during adolescence, while boys mature over a longer period of time.
- 26. 4. Exercise and Health Exercise here refers to the normal playtime and sports activities which help the body gain an increase in muscular strength and put on bone mass. Proper exercise helps children grow well and reach milestones on time or sooner. Exercise also keeps them healthy and fights off diseases by strengthening the immune system, especially if they play outside.
- 27. 5.Hormones Hormones belong to the endocrine system and influence the various functions of our bodies.. Imbalances in the functioning of hormone- secreting glands can result in growth defects, obesity, behavioural problems and other diseases. During puberty, the gonads produce sex hormones which control the development of the sex organs and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls.
- 28. 6. Nutrition- Nutrition is a critical factor in growth as everything the body needs to build and repair itself comes from the food we eat. Malnutrition can cause deficiency diseases that adversely affect the growth and development of children. On the other hand, overeating can lead to obesity and health problems in the long run.
- 29. 7. Familial Influence Families have the most profound impact in nurturing a child and determining the ways in which they develop psychologically and socially. The most positive growth is seen when families invest time, energy and love in the development of the child through activities, such as reading to them, playing with them and having deep meaningful conversations. Families that abuse or neglect children would affect their positive development.
- 30. 8. Geographical Influences Where you live also has a great influence on how your children turn out to be. Living in an enriching community that has parks, libraries and community centres for group activities and sports all play a role in developing the child’s skills, talents, and behaviour.
- 31. 9. Socio-Economic Status The socio-economic status of a family determines the quality of the opportunity a child gets. Studying in better schools that are more expensive definitely has benefits in the long run Children from poorer families may not have access to educational resources and good nutrition to reach their full potential. They may also have working parents who work too many hours and cannot invest enough quality time in their development.
- 32. 10. Learning and Reinforcement Learning involves much more than schooling. It is also concerned with building the child up mentally, intellectually, & emotionally. This is where the development of the mind takes place and the child can gain some maturity. Reinforcement is a component of learning where an activity or exercise is repeated and refined to solidify the lessons learned.