simple precise easy

1. HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
INFECTIONS

2. Hospital acquired infection is
also called Nosocomial
infection or Healthcare-
associated infections.
"nosus" = disease
"komeion" = to take care of
Infections occuring more than
48 hrs after admission, that
were neither present nor
incubating at the time of
admission are called
nosocomial infections.

3. • Common nosocomial infections are
1. Urinary tract infections
2. Surgical wound infections
3. Respiratory tract infections
4. Bacteraemia
5. Skin and soft tissue infections
6. Catheter site infections
7. ENT and eye infections
8. Others
they all need to be kept in surveillance

4. PREVALENCE

5. SOME COMMON ORGANISMS
INVOLVED
BACTERIA
G +ve
Staphlococcus aureus
Staphlococcus epidermidis
G –ve
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acenitobacter baumanii
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

6. • VIRUSES:
HBV ,HCV ,HIV ,
Rubella ,Varicella ,SARS
• FUNGI:
Candida
Aspergillus

7. SOURCE
1. Other infected patients
2. Hospital staff
3. Environment

8. SOURCES IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL
SET UP:

9. CO EXISTING RISK FACTORS:

10. ROUTES OF SPREAD:
(a) Direct contact
(b) Droplet infection
(c) Air borne
(d) Various hospital procedures
(eg.,catheterization,iv etc…)

11. Recipients :
• All patients in hospital are potential
recepients of cross infection
patients on corticosteroid therapy, patients
in ICU, urologic and geriatric wards,
special baby care units are particularly
susceptible

12.  isolation of infected patient
 infected hospital staff to be kept away from
work
 hand washing
 disinfection
 dust control
 control of droplet infection
 nursing techniques
 administrative measures
PREVENTION :

14. CONTROL OF INFECTION
COMMITTEE
The key members of infection control
committee are
an infection control doctor
a medically qualified microbiologist
an infection control nurse

15. FUNCTIONS OF THE
COMMITTEE:
To do surveillance
and infection
monitoring of hygiene
practice
 Educate the
medical and para
medical staff on
policies relating to
prevention of infection
and safe medical

16. Universal infection control
precautions
• Devised in US in the 1980’s in response to
growing threat from HIV and hepatitis B
• Not confined to HIV and hepatitis B
• Treat ALL patients as a potential bio-
hazard
• Adopt universal routine safe infection
control practices to protect patients, self
and colleagues from infection

17. Universal precautions
• Hand washing
• Personal protective equipment [PPE]
• Preventing/managing sharps injuries
• Aseptic technique
• Isolation
• Staff health
• Linen handling and disposal
• Waste disposal
• Spillages of body fluids
• Environmental cleaning
• Risk management/assessment

18. Personal protective
equipment
• PPE are used when contamination or splashing
with blood or body fluids is anticipated
• Disposable gloves
• Plastic aprons
• Face masks
• Safety glasses, goggles
• Head protection
• Foot protection
• Fluid repellent gowns

20. COATS AND
NOSOCHOMIAL
INFECTIONS