The document describes the manufacturing process of a washing machine. It involves fabrication of parts from sheet metal and plastics using processes like die casting and injection molding. The parts are then assembled into sub-assemblies like the transmission, pump and tub. Finally, the sub-assemblies are assembled together along with other components through manual and automated processes to form the final washing machine, which is then tested and packaged.

1. MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WASHING MACHINE
CONCEPT SQUAD
MEMBERS:
1) LAW ZU QIAN
2) MOHD SHAFIQ ROSLAN
3) NATASHA EREENA MOHD NASIR
4) MOHD HANIF HANAFI MOHD YONG
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
LECTURERS:
1) PROF. DR. ANDANASTUTI MUCHTAR
2) DR. NASHRAH HANI JAMADON
3) DR. NABILAH AFIQAH MOHD RADZUAN

2. TASK DESCRIPTION
VIDEO EDITORS
BY MOHD SHAFIQ ROSLAN & MOHD HANIF HANAFI MOHD YONG
SLIDES:
INTRODUCTION
BY MOHD SHAFIQ ROSLAN
APPLICATION, MATERIALS & PROPERTIES & FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS
BY LAW ZU QIAN
MANUFACTURING PROCESS & LOCAL COMPANY
BY NATASHA EREENA MOHD NASIR
CONCLUSION
BY MOHD HANIF HANAFI MOHD YONG

3. INTRODUCTION
Washing machine is one of the basic home appliances that is to help our job
become easier and to improve our lifestyle. Commonly this machine helps people
to do their laundry by using water and some laundry detergent either in the form of
solid (powder) or liquid.
There are various washing machine types such as :-
• Top loading
• Front loading
• Semi-automatic
• Fully automatic
Important parts of washing machine:-
• Water inlet control valve
• Water pump
• Tub
• Rotating disk
• Motor
• Printed circuit board (PCB)

4. TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE
Front-loading washing
machine
Top-loading washing machine

5. Anonymous. “Parts of a
Washing Machine & How it
Works.”
https://www.brighthubengineeri
ng.com/consumer-appliances-
electronics/38895-working-
parts-of-a-washing-machine/.
Accessed on 10 July 2020
PARTS OF WASHING MACHINE

6. APPLICATIONS OF WASHING MACHINE
• Washes your clothes on a daily basis
• Shoes can cleaned using washing machine but you have to
remove the laces and stash them in a mesh laundry bag
• Even backpacks can be cleaned
• Saves your time and energy compared to manual washing
• More efficient as it can removes stains with lesser water and
soap compared to manual washing
• Commercial washing machine can clean in big
quantities

7. MATERIALS USED AND THEIR
PROPERTIES
• Most parts are made of sheet steel, generally coated
with zinc to prevent rusting
• The process involved is known as hot-dip galvanizing
• The zinc coating can prevent the steel from contacting
with corrosive substances
• The spin tub for some models uses stainless steel
• Stainless steel have higher strength, hardness and
ductility compared to mild steel

8. MATERIALS USED AND THEIR
PROPERTIES (cont.)
• The wash tub is typically manufactured from enameling iron
with a porcelain coating
• The coating is able to increase the chemical and water
resistance of iron
• The tub guards, pump and the agitator are made of plastic
• Plastics are typically durable and have high resistance to
water and chemicals
• Cast aluminium is used to manufacture the transmission
inside a washing machine
• Again, cast aluminium is used as it has high corrosion
resistance

9. MANUFACTURING
PROCESS OF
WASHING MACHINE

10. Sub-assemblies AssemblyFabrication
The Manufacturing Process
ConceptSquad

11. Fabrication
• Machine presses a chunk of sheet metal between two halves of a mold
called die
⚬ The metal will take space between the halves of the die
⚬ Possible: Metal is fed directly from a coil into a press
⚬ Not possible: Metal is cut to length and manually placed into the
die
• Plastic parts are formed in an injection molding machine, a metal mold
with one or more cavities in the shape of the specified part
⚬ After being heated to temperature, the plastic is forced into the
mold under high pressure
⚬ Water is passed through the mold to cool down and solidify the part
⚬ The mold is opened and the part pushed out by ejector pins

12. • Aluminium transmission parts are formed into a rough shape in a die
cast machine
⚬ The molten metal is mechanically scooped out into the mold and
cooled
⚬ The developed rough casting is given its final product by various
machines
• Based on the image, the key components (transmission, motor and broke
assembly) are put below the agitator
⚬ The balance ring is a weighted ring that prevent the washer from
moving around during operation
Fabrication
Source:
http://www.made
how.com/Volume-
1/Washing-
Machine.html

13. The transmission is
assembled manually by
workers who bolt, snap
or press several
shafts and gears
together
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
Workers then add a
metered amount of oil
and bolt the unit
together
The pump is assembled
automatically. Robots
place the impeller and
seals within the cover
and body, and seal the
pump
Some manufacturers use
heat and vibration as
a sealant
The tub parts are made in
presses and also the sub-
assembly is manufactured
automatically. After being
rolled into a drum shape,
the side is welded.
The weld is smoothed out
and also the drum is
placed on expander which
stretches the tub into
final shape. A bottom is
welded onto the drum and
is smoothed. The tub is
dipped in a solution
called ground coat and
heated to about 1600
degrees until the
coating hardens

14. The balance ring could be
a large weight that
stabilizes the washer.
Its outside structure is
plastic with a ring of
metal melted into the
plastic for strength
SUB-ASSEMBLIES
Cement is added and balanced
precisely. The ring which
weighed over 20 pounds keeps
the machine from moving when
it is in use
Any one of several
painting processes was
used (i.e. steel,
chemicals, powder)
Although prepainted steel is
cheaper, it does not offer the
best rust protection because the
cut edges are not painted. Some
treat their parts with various
chemicals to wash before
applying paint. Next, the paint
also comes in powder which then
sprayed on the part. After
spraying, the conveyor moves the
part into an oven that melts the
paint; when the part cools, the
paint process is completed

15. Assembly
• Mount the transmission on the balance ring. The transmission is
ready on a bearing that is bolted on the wash tub; the wash tub is
sitting on a conveyor. The lower bearing, the brake assembly, and
therefore the drive pulley are put on the end of the transmission.
Next, to carry all the pieces together, the pivot dome and legs are
bolted on the assembly
• Workers lift the module onto the washer base. Springs are added to
carry module and base together. A seal is added, the spin tub is
bolted to the transmission inside the wash tub, and its plastic
covers are snapped into place. A plastic hub, which attaches the
agitator to the transmission, is bolted onto the output end of the
shaft. Then the agitator is snapped onto the hub

16. Assembly
• The pump and a mounting bracket are now bolted onto the motor, which
is fitted with a shield to guard against potential leaks. This
assembly is bolted to the bottom of the washer and connected to the
transmission module with a belt and hoses
• Next, the lid hinges are attached to the lid and also the top. The
top is bolted to the cabinet with a hinge for easy maintenance. A
mixing valve to manage the mixture of hot and cold is bolted to the
rear of the cabinet. The graphics panel is mounted on the control
panel. The harness is clipped to the control connectors at one end,
and therefore the other end is passed through a hole within the top
to be mounted to the motor. As to its large size and weight, the
cabinet assembly is placed within the washer by a robot

17. Assembly
• The cabinet is bolted to the bottom and also the controls are
snapped along with the mating connectors on the module and motor.
The drain hose is pulled through the cabinet and the gooseneck is
added. This part is what gives the hose its hook shape in order that
it’ll fasten into the drain. After being tested, the front panel is
bolted on and a packet of data and accessories is added
• The finished unit is crated automatically. A machine opens the
cardboard box and drops it over the washer. The top and bottom flaps
are simultaneously folded over and glued. The machine applies
pressure to make sure the glue sets properly. Next, the machine puts
a banding strap round the top of the crate for lift truck
transportation

18. 1 9 6 5 : FOUNDED AS KEAT
RADIO & ELECTRICAL CO.
by Dato’ Seri Chew Weng
Khakin in Balik Pulau,
Penang
1 9 7 4 : THE FIRST BRANCH
WAS ESTABLISHED
ventured into the import,
export and distribution of
electrical home appliances
1 9 8 2 : PENSONIC SALES
AND SERVICE SDN. BHD.
WAS FORMED
to house the fast
expanding business under
one umbrella group
THE NATION’S FIRST “MADE IN MALAYSIA”
ELECTRICAL HOME APPLIANCES!
Sound of Penang

19. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
• Reseachers from Universiti Tekonologi PETRONAS
proposed a portable yet eco-friendly washing machine.
• Users are able to use their legs to power the washing
machine just like cycling while keeping fit
• LG proposed a twin-wash unit whereby a mini washer is
attached to the normal washer
• This technology is especially useful when you need to wash
an outfit in a rush while saving energy
• Small portable washer is going to be the trend for travellers

20. CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, different types of washing machine that
leads to one main application which is to clean our clothes.
Washing machine is developed to reduce the energy spent on
the manual ways. The earliest version of washing machine
was hand-operated and produced using wood and nowadays
washing machine was made of sheet metal and operated by
electricity. Thus, life without a well-functioning washer can
quickly turn into a chore so we must appreciate the
technology of washing machine.

21. REFERENCES
Aalco. 2019. Stainless steel.
http://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Stainless-Steel-St-St-Introduction_61.ashx [10 July 2020].
Advameg. Washing machine.
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Washing-Machine.html [10 July 2020].
Anonymous. 2009. “Parts of a Washing Machine & How it Works.
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/consumer-appliances-electronics/38358-types-of-washing-
machines/ [12 July 2020].
Anthony T. 2018. Porcelain enameling effluent guidelines.
https://www.epa.gov/eg/porcelain-enameling-effluent-guidelines [10 July 2020].
Dynacast. 2020. Aluminium die casting metals.
https://www.dynacast.com/en/knowledge-center/material-information/die-cast-metals/aluminum-die-
casting-metals [10 July 2020].

22. REFERENCES(cont.)
Hamzah Sakidin, Pretesh Sudhakaran, Muhammad Syaamil Saad, Sarah Syamimi Rozali, Abdul Hadi
Nasarudin & Ahmed Abdullah AlMashhor. 2017. Development of eco-friendly washing machine.
MATEC Web Conf. Volume 131, 2017, hlm. 1-7. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713104015
Nicole, H. 2019. The future of washing machines - latest features and technology.
https://www.reviewthis.com/future-features-washing-machines/ [13 July 2020].
Pensonic. 2020. Our history.
https://www.pensonic.com/about-us/our-history [10 July 2020].