Progression from first labor organization to major movements such as Industrialization, Great Depression, and WWII.

1. Vocabulary Review
Types of Workers:
Blue-Collar Workers
White-Collar Workers
Skilled Workers
Service Sector
Union Organization:
Union Shop
Closed Shop
Modified Union Shop
Open Shop
Industrial Union
Agency Shop
Right to Work Laws
Ways to Handle Dispute:
Collective bargaining
Mediation
Arbitration
Strike
Picketing
Boycott
Lockout
How Wages are Determined:
Market Theory of Wage Determination
Theory of Negotiated Wages

3. ◦ 1778 –1780’s New York City
printers, shoemakers, carpenters,
and tailors joined together to
demand higher wages.
◦ 1820 – US workforce was mostly
farmers, small business owners,
and the self-employed
◦ But then… 1830s/Industrial
Revolution Changed that–
immigrants began to arrive –
CHEAP LABOR – threatened
existing wage and labor standards
◦ Labor organizers became
troublemakers…. Why?

4.  Union Activities
◦ Tried to help workers
negotiate:
 Higher pay
 Better hours
 Working conditions
 Job security
◦ If an agreement could not
be reached with an
employer, they
organized:
 Strikes
 Pickets
 Boycotts

5.  Unemployment and Wages
◦ 1 in 4 workers were with a job
◦ 1929 manufacturing wage = 55¢ an hour
◦ 1933 manufacturing wage= 5 ¢ an hour
◦ Common problems of the Depression UNITED
workers

6. Pro-Union Legislation
1. Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932
 Prevented federal courts from issuing rulings against
unions engaged in peaceful strikes, picketing, or boycotts
 Forced companies to negotiate directly with their union,
rather than take them to court
2. National Labor Relations Act
 Established the right of unions to collective bargaining
 Created the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) – to
police unfair labor practices
3. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
 Set up a minimum wage
 Established time and a half pay for overtime
 Defined a 40 hour work week
 Prohibited child labor under 16

7.  Public opinion
changed at the end
of WWII – some
people believed that
the Communists had
entered the unions!

8. Anti-Union Legislation
1. Labor Management Relations Act (Taft-Hartley
Act) of 1947
 Put limits on what unions can do in labor-
management disputes
 Gives employers the right to sue unions for breaking
contracts
 Prohibits unions from making union membership a
condition for hiring

9. Anti-Union Legislation
2. Right-to-Work Laws
 Illegal to force workers to join a union
 Differs from state to state
 States that DO NOT HAVE = new workers have to join
the existing union shortly after they are hired
 States that HAVE = new hire have the option to join
or not to join a union

10.  Anti-Union Legislation
3. Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
(Landrum-Griffin Act) of 1959
 Passed to stop criminal influences (the mob and
mafia) that had begun to emerge into the labor
markets
 Protects individual union members from unfair
actions of union or union officials

11. 1. How did immigration impact the growth of
labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
Immigration were paid less than American Workers
2. How were unions supported during the
Great Depression?
Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 allowed peaceful strikes
and negotiation without legal arbitration
National Labor Relations Act-support of collective
bargaining and created the National Labor Relations
Board (NLRB) – to police unfair labor practices
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938- created labor laws