The atmospheric effect Presentation by nasir abbas golvi

1. ATMOSPHERIC EFFECT
PRESENTATION BY
NASIR ABBAS GOLVI

2. We will discus about these topics.
Condensation And Precipitation.
 Air Masses.
 Storms.
 Atmospheric Pollution.
 Climate And Pollution.

3. Atmospheric Effects
The lower atmosphere (troposphere) is dynamic,
resulting in frequent weather changes
The movements and interactions of large air
masses bring variations to our weather
Large air masses can move thousands of miles
and influence a region for a considerable time
period

4. Condensation
Water droplets do not
form randomly, but form
around microscopic
foreign particles called
hygroscopic nuclei
present in the air
Hygroscopic nuclei may
consist of dust, smoke,
soot, salt, or other small
airborne particles
If the proper type/size of
airborne particles are not
present, condensation
may not occur or will be
retarded

5. Precipitation
 When condensation does
occur, the tiny droplets are
formed in updrafts and are
easily suspended as a cloud
 Precipitation requires
larger drops to form
 Two processes are thought
to be responsible for the
formation of drops large
enough to fall
 Coalescence
 The Bergeron process

6.  Coalescence – the formation of
larger drops by the collision of
droplets
Coalescence

7. The Bergeron Process
 The Bergeron process involves
three essential components
 Ice crystals in the upper
portion of the cloud
 Supper cooled vapor in
the lower portion of the
cloud
 Mixing or agitation brings
the ice crystals in contact
with the supper cooled
vapor

8. Types of Precipitation
 Precipitation
occurs in the
form of rain,
snow,, hail, or
fog

9. Hailstones
 If the convection cells in the
thunderstorms are powerful enough,
hailstones can become quite large

10. Air Masses
Air mass – a large body of air that
takes on physical characteristics that
distinguish it from the surrounding air
The main physical characteristics the
distinguish an air mass are
temperature and moisture content

11. Storms
 Storm – an atmospheric disturbance that may
develop within a single air mass or may
develop along the frontal boundary of air
masses
 There re different types of storms.
 rainstorms, thunderstorms, ice storms,
snowstorms, and tornadoes

12. Lightning and Thunder
A lightning flash travels at the speed
of 300,000 km/s (speed of light)
Thunder is a sound and only travels at
a speed of approximately 1/3 km/s
(1/5 mi/s)

13. Atmospheric Pollution
Pollution – any atypical contributions
to the environment resulting from the
activities of humans
Air pollution is primarily the result of
products of combustion and industrial
processes that are released into the
atmosphere
Releasing waste gases and
particulates into the atmosphere has
long been practiced

14. Air Pollution Sources
 The major source of air
pollution is due to the
combustion of fossil
fuels – coal, oil, and
gas
 Increased amounts of
CO2 in the atmosphere
lead to increased
acidity
 Pollution and increased
acidity of the rain
results in statues and
other structures
undergoing
increased/accelerated
corrosion

15. Pollution and Climate
 It is generally accepted by most
scientists that the global climate is
also being affected by atmospheric
pollution
 CO2 and other “greenhouse gases,”
particulate emissions, and the resulting
global cloud cover all affect the Earth’s also
 Scientists are trying to understand climate
changes by using various models
 Climate models give scientists the
opportunity to compare theories and use
historical data to study the interrelationships
between the Earth’s atmosphere and other
factors
 .

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