A minor presentation report based on the development of electrolyzer for hydrogen production.
And burning the produced hydrogen along with petrol air mixture or charge in SI Engine.
Explaining the major changes obtained in the fuel emission as well the performance of vehicle
2. INTRODUCTION
The emissions of NOx, CO, CO2 and unburned
gases due to combustion of fuels have caused
serious environmental and climate problems.
There are many possible solutions to the problem
of fossil fuels but most of them may require years
of continuous development and additional
infrastructure.
Hydrogen has been recognized as a unique fuel
because of its highly desirable properties. And it
can be produced from plentiful resource that is
water. These features make hydrogen more
efficient to meet the strict controls of exhaust
emissions from combustion vehicles and to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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3. OBJECTIVES
▪ The main objective of the study is to determine the effect
of mixing hydrogen and gasoline after combustion on
efficiency of engine and its performance.
▪ The second is the testing of flue gas after a burn to study
the change in vehicle emissions.
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5. ELECTROLYSIS (PRODUCTION OF
HYDROGEN)
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to separate
water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction occurs in
a unit called the electrolyzer.
A power source (battery) is connected to two electrode
objects placed in water. Hydrogen will emerge at the
cathode, and oxygen will obtained at anode.
That means that cathode reduction and oxidation in the
anode occurs.
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6. FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
INTAKE
The intake event is when the air-fuel mixture is introduced to fill the combustion
chamber. The intake event occurs when the piston moves from TDC to BDC and the
intake valve is open. The movement of the piston toward BDC creates a low pressure
in the cylinder. Ambient atmospheric pressure forces the air-fuel mixture through the
open intake valve into the cylinder to fill the low pressure area created by the piston
movement.
COMPRESSION
The compression stroke is when the trapped air-fuel mixture is compressed inside the
cylinder. The combustion chamber is sealed to form the charge.
COMBUSTION
The ignition (combustion) event occurs when the charge is ignited and rapidly
oxidized through a chemical reaction to release heat energy. Combustion is the rapid,
oxidizing chemical reaction in which a fuel chemically combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere and releases energy in the form of heat.
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EXHAUST
The exhaust stroke occurs when spent gases are expelled from the combustion
chamber and released to the atmosphere. The exhaust stroke is the final stroke and
occurs when the exhaust valve is open and the intake valve is closed. Piston
movement evacuates exhaust gases to the atmosphere.
8. METHODOLOGY
DISCUSSION WITH
SUBJECT EXPERTS
REVIEW OF EXISTING
LITERATURE
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MODEL
TESTING AND CONCLUSION
BASED ON OBTAINED
RESULTS
This is considered to be a key step in our proposed approach because discussions
with subject expert involve the knowledge of both the industry and the
organizations which is required to identify and address the problem effectively.
Literature reviews are a large collection of information obtained from various
published sources of data such as research papers, journals etc. Information
sources in the area of interest that focus on better understanding and
acquisition of information for the current phase of product development.
After explaining the variables under the study the next step will
involve building a theory framework based on the principle of
operation. And finally a model based on understandable theories
will be developed for the purpose of testing and results.
The final step will involve testing in running vehicle and the
division of the obtained results into smaller steps to answer
the research questions. And a conclusion report that will
include the results obtained.
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9. TESTING VEHICLE SUMMARY
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HERO PLEASURE 2009
TYPE
Air Cooled,
OHC
STROKE 4
NUMBER OF
CYLINDER
1
DISPLACEMENT 102 cc
PERFORMANCE
MAX POWER 6.7 bhp @7000 rpm
TORQUE 7.85 Nm @5000 rpm
MILEAGE 60 kmpl
10. ROAD-MAP
LITERATURE SURVEY THEOETICAL MODEL
TESTING (running
condition)
SME DISCUSSION DEFINING VARIABLES MODEL BASED ON
PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
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RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION
12. ELECTRODE PLATES
MODEL DESCRIPTION
• Steel plates are used
because of their good anti-
corrosive properties, for the
purpose of electrodes.
• 7.5 inches in length
• 2.5 inches of width.
• And the thickness of 24
gauge.
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13. UNIT ASSEMBLY
MODEL DESCRIPTION
• A solid filter cartridge is used
as the shell for the unit
because of its airtightness and
pre-built inlet and outlet
valves.
• Has a diameter of 12 cm.
• Fitted with a valve on one end
for safety purposes.
• ¼ inch pipe is used for
connecting purposes.
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14. ELECTRICAL
ASSEMBLY
• 12 V and 5Ah battery is
used for providing current to
the unit.
• 16 mm wire having the
capacity to transfer
5Ampere of current are used
as connectors between
battery and electrolyzer
unit.
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15. WORKING OF MODEL
• On connecting wires current from vehicle battery
flows through the electrolyzer unit.
• Allowing it to generate hydrogen gas.
• The gas is obtained at outlet of unit and passed
through a bubbler filled with water which removes
impurity of vapor.
• Connecting pipes connect the bubbler between the
carburettor and the air filter hose pipe through which
the hydrogen gas enters the carburettor.
• An average ratio of 20 % hydrogen and 80 % gasoline
entered the engine for the process of combustion.
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air mixture in si engine 15
16. FLOW CALCULATIONS
According to the Faraday’s Law and using the ideal gases equation and the coulomb definition we have that the
theoretical gas flow can be calculated as follows:
VHHO = VH2 + VO2 = [(I*t*R*T)/F*p]*[1/ZH2 + 1/ZO2]
Where:
• V = Gas volume (l)
• R = Universal constant of ideal gases (1atm mol-1 K-1)
• I = Electric current (A)
• T = Temperature (K)
• F = Faraday’s Constant (A s mol-1)
• p = Pressure (atm)
• t =Time (s)
• z = Number of electrons in excess (2 for hydrogen and 4 for oxygen)
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17. • Assuming that the electrolyser works under standard conditions (STP) at 1A and for 1 minute obtained
rste will be :
V = 0.0105 lpm
• The theoretical flow can be calculated using the value obtained in the deduction of equation
VHHO = [0.0105/Ampere]*Icell*Water Compartment
VHHO = 0.005628 lpm = 5.628 mlpm
• With the average time, the real flow of the electrolyser was determined.
VHHO = (50ml/1800)*(1l/1000ml)*(60s/1min) = 1.666 ml/min
• An efficiency of 28% is obtained from the electrolyzer.
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18. RESULTS
• Tests are performed to confirm the reliability of hydrogen use in a
running vehicle. The vehicle was made to run on and off hydrogen
and a change was obtained for mileage.
• Without introducing hydrogen, a 5.8 Km of running of the vehicle
for a consumption of 100 ml of fuel is obtained allowing to get an
initial mileage of 58 Kmpl.
• In the second test, hydrogen was introduced along with gasoline
and a change of 0.6 Km from previous results is obtained for a
consumption of 50 ml of gasoline. And providing a raise in
mileage from 58 Kmpl to 70 Kmpl.
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19. DISCUSSION
• KNOCKING
Differences in heating features in addition to hydrogen include fire
retardation, the effect of knocking effect on cylinder lining due to
hydrogen burning is also observed.
• HYDROGEN GENERATION AND FLOW
RATE
Volumetric analysis of hydrogen includes flow rate and variations in
the amount of hydrogen per power fluctuations provided. Highly
sensitive flow rate measurement tools can be used to measure
hydrogen flow rate. The amount of hydrogen produced can be
increased when the electric power supply is increased and the
corresponding development of miles can be checked. The charging
system can also be modified using solar energy.
• ELECTROLYZER EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of electrolysis can be increased. Conventional
methods of electrolysis have an efficiency of about 50 to 80%.
And methods such as Permeable Membrane (PEM) can be used
to increase production of hydrogen.
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20. CONCLUSION
• The running vehicle test result in decrease in fuel consumption is
clear evidence of the addition of hydrogen and fuel can lead to an
increase in engine power or an increase in mileage.
• Thus, the use of hydrogen in IC engines as fuel may be considered
a leap in the automotive engineering field.
• In this project, it has been proved that vehicle mileage can be
increased to 9-10% by adding hydrogen and gasoline as fuel.
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21. MEET THE TEAM
NAMAN MEHTA ARPIT BUNDELA AMAN PANDEY
0818ME191053 0818ME191052 0818ME191023 0818ME191010
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MOHD. AMAAN
MEV
22. REFERENCES
[1] Delorme A, Rousseau A, Sharer P, Pagerit S, Wallner T, 2010, “Evolution
of hydrogen fueled vehicles compared to conventional vehicles”, SAE Paper
No.01-08
[2] Baiju B, Gokul S, Schin Sunny, Ranjith C. M, Sathyamoorthy U,
“Hydrogen Petrol Mixture SI Engine”, International Journal of Engineering
and Advanced Technology, Volume-3 Issue-6, August 2014
[3] David H.kroon and Lynne M.Ernes,2007.MMO coated titanium anodes
for cathodic protection.
[4] Di Sarli & Di Menetto, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universita degli studi
“Frederico II”, Napoli, Italy. Study of hydrogen enriched premixed flames.
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