The document discusses the different types of floors used in buildings. It describes floors as horizontal structural elements that divide a building into levels. Floors are categorized based on their level (ground or suspended), material used (cement, stone, tiles, wood, etc.), and other factors. The key components of a floor are identified as the sub-floor, base, and finished floor. Various stone, tile, resilient, terrazzo, and wood floor options are outlined. Economy is noted as a consideration, as finishing costs can exceed initial estimates.
1. Aim of a Civil engineer:
To construct a building which is
Stable
Durable
Economy Friendly
2. Interior of a building
The aesthetic feeling that we get when we enter the
building depends on
1. Finishing Given to WALLS
2. Finishing given to FLOOR
3.
4. Floor
Floors are horizontal structural element of a building
which divide building into levels for purpose of
accommodation.
Floor are horizontal soft structures that make us feel
comfortable.
5. Why is it economy related?
Economy related topic because most of the times
expenditure goes beyond ESTIMATED due to the
Revision of design of Finishing Given to floor and
walls
6. Components of a FLOOR or Ground Floor
i. Sub- Floor( Sub – Base):
It is a Hardcore Filling Consisting of hardcore materials
and a sand layer at its top.
ii. Base (or Sub Grade):
It is a course of 1:4:8 lean concrete not less than 100 mm
thick.
iii. Finished Floor (Finishing):
It is final finishing given in form of mosaic or ceramic
tiles and other etc.. Also called as TOPPING
As a rule finished top level should be at least 45 cm(1.5 ft)
above general ground level around the building
We have to provide an under layer of 1:2:4 concrete with
12.5 mm as minimum chip size of aggregate.
7. Components of a FLOOR or Ground Floor
Ground floor
Flooring
Foundation
RCC roof
1
2
1 . Sub – Base.( Sub Floor)
2. Base ( Sub Grade)
Suspended Floors
8. Types of FLOOR
There are many different types of floors.
They are divided based on many things like level,
material, type of material etc…
Types of FLOORs based on level:
1. Ground Floor: Those which layed just above the
ground level.
2. Suspended Floor: Those which are layed above the
roof or Slab
9. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
We use different type of materials for laying of floors.
On that basis we divide floor into mainly Six types:
1. Cement and concrete flooring
2. Stone Flooring
3. Tile Flooring ( Tiling)
4. Resilient Floor
5. Terrazzo Floor
6. Wood Floor
10. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
Cement and concrete flooring : These are the floors in which
cement concrete is used as topping.
Types of cement concrete floors:
1. Concrete floors with Granolithic topping: Also known as
Patent stone flooring and used in low cost constructions.
2. Concrete floor with fine finish: For ordinary low traffic
situations.
3. Burnt Clay Brick floor(with or without concrete base): For
heavy traffic situations.
4. Red Oxide concrete floors: Concrete floors with red oxide
finish
5. Rough Concrete floors: For courtyard and terrace where the
floor should be rough and skid proof
11. Stone Flooring
Stone floors are extensively recommended for offices, educational
institutions, etc… where the traffic is heavy and maintenance is
minimal.
It is also Used in Kitchens in our houses as the many stones are
resistant to acids etc..
Machine cut and polished stones are used as small tiles.
Other types of Stone floors:
1. Marble : marble of different colors and steaks.
2. Granite : Granite stone of different colors and steak.
3. Kota Stone : thickness of 20,30,40 mm are specified.
4. Red or white Fine dressed sand stone : Thick 40 mm
5. Shahabad Stones
6. Cuddapa Slabs :(usually black in color)
12. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
Cement Concrete
floor Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor
13. Ceramic and Tiles
Now a days these are most extensively used in
residential buildings.
They have become most common even in India.
Some of the tiles used are :
Earthen ware tiles
Stone ware tiles
Terracota and faience
Glazed Tiles
Fully Virtified tiles
Porcelein tiles
15. Resilient Floors
Floor made of PVC, linoleum, rubber etc.. Are called Resilient
floors.
These are used in offices, computer rooms, Show rooms etc…
Main types:
1. PVC ( vinyl floor): Made of poly vinyl chloride polymer . Its
normal thickness is 1.5 to 4 mm and is supplied in rolls of 1- 2 m
width and 10m length
2. Linoleum : consists of oxidised linseed oil. Normal thick 1.6 to
6.7mm. And supplied in rolls of 2m width and 3 to 5.5 m thick.
3. Rubber Flooring: Composed of natural rubber with various
filling components and laying this is specialized job.
17. Terazzo Floor
Terazzo is also called VENTIAN MOSIAC.
It is essentially a decorative concrete in which the
aggregate is marble chips. The matrix is white coloured
or grey cement.
It is not only used for floors but also skirting and, wall s,
doors etc…
19. Wood Block Floors
These are divided into three groups,
1. Traditional wood block floors: are laid by wooden
boards fixed on main beams and joints. As good
timber is very high cost now a days such floors are
not used.
2. Wood block floor: Thick wood blocks of 38 mm
thickness are used and 300 X 75 are its dimensions.
3. Paraquet floor: Thin blocks of only 10mm thick are
used with same dimensions as above
