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- 1. An application of physics: sampling and analysing air particulate matter GNS Science, PO Box 31312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand Bill Trompetter, Perry Davy, Bernard Barry and Andreas Markwitz
- 8. GENT Sampler – stacked filter unit http://www.nilu.no/products/ Air flow direction
- 9. GENT Sampler – APM filters Coarse (PM 10-2.5 ) polycarbonate Nucleopore filter loaded with air particulate matter from the Wellington region. Fine (PM 2.5-0 ) polycarbonate Nucleopore filter loaded with air particulate matter from the Wellington region.
- 12. Black Carbon (BC) For atmospheric particles, black carbon (soot) absorbs light very strongly (Horvath 1993, 1997). Hence, to first order it can be assumed that all the absorption on pollution filters is due to BC.
- 13. Elemental relationships and source determination Plots show that elements are related to each other Seaview Baring Head
- 14. Initial source identification by principle components analysis: PM 2.5 at Masterton Element Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Vehicles Soil Combustion Seasalt BC 0.16 0.03 0.97 -0.08 Mg 0.02 0.97 0.09 0.03 Al 0.33 0.92 0.10 -0.05 Si 0.76 0.56 0.06 0.15 S 0.71 0.30 0.12 0.37 Cl 0.14 -0.06 -0.06 0.95 K 0.23 0.18 0.93 0.08 Ca 0.69 0.26 0.21 0.52 Fe 0.84 -0.08 0.35 -0.07
- 15. Temporal variation in source contributions at Masterton
- 16. Masterton PM 10 : Average mass contribution to ambient particle concentrations by sources using positive matrix factorisation PM 10-2.5 PM 2.5
- 17. Source mass contributions to Masterton PM 10 Masterton 12 July 2004, high pollution day exceeded national environmental standard (PM 10 = 51 g/m 3 24 hour average) PM 10 = 51 g/m 3
- 18. Auckland (Kingsland) sulphate sources Directional studies (CPF) and mapping (PSCF) of the source apportionment results can add much more value for the end users.
- 19. Hauraki Gulf shipping lanes and port area Industry Directional (CPF) analysis of sulphate sources
- 21. Regional sulphate ‘event’ – 28 September 2006 Receptor modelling results for sulphate Air mass back-trajectory
Notas do Editor
- Acknowledge coauthors
- Compare Streaker with other samplers used for source apportionment
- Amorphous carbon mass (=> Wood burner emissions) coats glass fibres of filter
- Compare Streaker with other samplers used for source apportionment
- Al, Si coarse fraction and Na, Cl coarse fraction sho linear relationships
- PCA identifies factors that can be related to particular sources but provides no information about relative mass contributions to ambient particle concentrations
- The relative contributions to individual samples can be examined to ensure they make physical sense – here wood burning contributions are shown to peak in the winter. Also by using
- PMF can apportion mass contributions directly