This document discusses various implants and feed additives used in livestock production. It describes different types of implants including estrogen-based, progesterone, androgen-based, and combination implants. It explains their modes of action in increasing average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. The document also outlines categories of feed additives like ionophores, antibiotics, beta-agonists, buffers, and natural additives. It notes the benefits of ionophores in improving energy and protein metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes following label directions and doing research when using implants and additives.

1. Breanne Ilse Livestock Research Specialist Carrington Research Extension Center - NDSU Implants & Feed Additives

2. Implants & Feed Additives Implants Types Effects Methods Feed additives Conventional Natural

3. Implants

4. Types of Implants Estrogen based Estradiol 17-ß Progesterone Androgen based Trenbolone Acetate (TBA) Testosterone Combination Androgen/Estrogen (TBA/E2)

5. Estrogenic (Ralgro, Synovex-C, Magnum) Metabolically enhance nutrient use to enhance growth Implant Information

6. Estrogenic Mode of Action Increased Somatotropin & IGF-1 ADG and HCW Little change Fat distribution Protein deposition Feed efficiency 5-10% Daily gain 5-15%

7. Androgenic (Finaplix-S/H) Tissue building Enhance muscle growth Implant Information

8. Androgenic Mode of Action Increased IGF-1 ADG and feed efficiency No change in intake Feed efficiency 2-3% additional Daily gain 3-5% additional

9. Combination TBA/E2 (SynovexChoice,Revalo IS/IH, Synovex Plus) Tissue building Enhance muscle growth Additive effect with estrogenic Implant Information

10. Potency Level

11. 1/27/2011 Carrington Research Extension Center NDSU

12. Estrogen Concentration 28 billion nanograms in an ounce Schoonmaker, J., and G. Lardy. 2004 NDSU

13. Enhance growth performance Increase ADG Increase intake Improved efficiency $ $ $ & ¢ ¢ ¢ Estimated return $15 to $40 Results of Implant

14. Ration / fed nutrients Level of growth promotant Reimplant window- threshold Implant Response

15. Strategic Planning Performance goals Animal characteristics Nutrition People & Facilities

16. Implant Timing Terminal date Estimate date of slaughter Work backwards

17. 1/27/2011 Carrington Research Extension Center NDSU Location, Location, Location

18. Cost of Improper Technique Synovex Animal Health Inc. 2004

19. Dark cutters Decreased marbling Decreased tenderness Negative Effects

20. Continue once started Progression of potency Dose and duration Implant Guidlines

21. Feed Additives

23. Ionophores

24. Antibiotics

25. Estrus suppressants

26. Buffers

27. Others / NaturalEffects & Benefits

29. 3-3.5 lbs/Day up to 5lbs

30. Step-up diets to acclimate cattle

31. Usually 85% ConcentrateFinishing Period

32. Normal Rumen

33. Disturbed Microbes

34. Explosive Rumen

36. Improve efficiency of protein metabolism

37. Reduce the incidence of digestive upsetsIonophores

39. Decrease feed intake

40. Improve feed conversions

41. Maintain or increase daily gain

42. Increase Propionate

43. Increase pH

44. Decrease Bloat

46. Repartitioning agent of fat to protein

47. Metabolism

48. Directs more nutrients to increase protein synthesis

49. Slows protein degradation

50. Ractopamine hydrochloride

51. Optaflexx®

52. Zilmax®Beta-agonist

53. Fed only for month prior to slaughter 60-430 mg/hd/d Short withdrawal time Price $7- $25 investment per head Effects Increases dressing percentage Increases hot carcass weight Increases ribeye area Improves yield grade Improves cutability Increases red meat yield Beta-agonist www.cattlenetwork.com: Intervet and Elanco

55. Shipping fever

56. Respiratory infection

57. Preventing Foot rot

58. Liver abscesses

59. Aureomycin

60. Chlortetracycline

61. Oxytetracycline

63. MGA Similar to Progesterone

64. Suppression of Estrus

65. Reduces injuries, and energy losses

66. Improves gain and feed efficiency of intact heifers Estrus Suppressor

68. Reduce incidence of acidosis

69. Improve fiber digestion

70. Individual animal performance extremely variableBuffers

72. Non therapeutic claims

73. Establishing viable bacterial colonies in gut

74. Affect digestive function of the animal

75. Increasing production

76. Decreasing morbidityDirect Fed Microbial

78. Production of antimicrobials

79. Reduce toxic amines

80. Competitive exclusionPotential Modes of Action

82. Contain live bacteria/microbial cells

83. Fermentation Extract

84. Bacteria or fungal extracts or fermentation byproducts

85. Contains enzymes extracted from a microbial fermentation (cells not contained in the product)DFM - Product vs. Extract

86. Yeasts and enzyme additives Stabilize rumen pH Increase fiber digestion Rumen modifiers Rumen microbe population VFA ratio Competitive binding Natural feed additives in feedlot

88. Yucca : Antiprotozoal

89. Organic Cobalt

90. Precursor for Vitamin B12: Increase VFA production

91. β – glucans

92. Enhance immune system

93. Manna – Oligosaccharide

94. Competitive binding on bacteria sitesNatural

96. Follow label directions

97. Read warning statements

98. Store feed properly

100. Do your own research on the products before purchase

101. NDSU, CREC, accredited resources Disclosure Statement

102. Questions ? Breanne Ilse Office phone : 701.652.2951 Email : Breanne.Ilse@ndsu.edu