The biological and medical research chronically suffers from the low reproducibility of experimental studies since the traditional text format of science journals cannot provide an adequate description of details and nuances of complex experimental procedures. This creates a critical “bottleneck” problem of knowledge transfer for research and education. Addressing this challenge, a new generation of science journals employs video online to provide a systematic visualized publication of experimental studies. Visualization through video greatly facilitates the understanding and learning of experimental procedures enhancing knowledge transfer and productivity in research and education. The video-based publication in the rigorous academic format requires a new set of concepts and technical approaches to production, publication and dissemination processes. As the publisher of Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE), the first video journal for biological sciences indexed in MEDLINE and PubMed, I would like to provide an overview of the growing field of video publication and discuss its technical challenges, implications for scholarly communication and acceptance in the academic and library community. Presenters: Moshe Pritsker, JoVE

1. Scholarly video journals to increase
productivity in research and education
Moshe Pritsker, Ph.D.
CEO, co-founder

2. One day in the lab at Princeton...
ES cells were maintained in serum-free culture without feeder cells. ES cells were
plated onto gelatin-coated plates in N2B medium and were passaged every 2–4
days. Dissociated cells were harvested in N2B medium, pelleted, resuspended in
N2B and replated directly.

3. How far a graduate student will go
to reproduce one experiment?
From NJ to Scotland….
Cost: 2 months of work, travel, reagents…. ~ $10,000 to reproduce one experiment

4. Productivity in biological
research and education
Publish
Do new research Learn technology

5. More than 60% (!!!!) of published studies
are not reproducible
2011, Bayer’s project, testing 67 studies published in reputable science journals

6. Low reproducibility – what is the reason?
- Cheating?
- Bad writing?
- Difficult to understand what is written?
?

7. Scientific article – all same from 1665
1665: Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society
2012: what’s new?
- Color figures
- Online browsing and search
Basic structure is the same

8. Traditional Scientific Article
Position the metaphase spindle at 3 o’clock and hold
it with holding pipette. Apply piezo pulses to penetrate
the zona pellucida. Touch the metaphase plate with
the enucleation pipette. Aspirate the spindle and
withdraw the pipette.
What does it say???
How can it be used for research or teaching???

9. 1 picture vs. 1,000 words
Text article Real life
Position the metaphase spindle
at 3 o’clock and hold it with
holding pipette. Apply piezo
pulses to penetrate the zona
pellucida. Touch the metaphase
plate with the enucleation pipette.
Aspirate the spindle and
withdraw the pipette.

10. New approach: publish science using
video online
Text doesn’t work?
Show it in video!
Create new type of science journal:
video journal

11. New Scientific Article = Video + Text

12. Structure of scientific video-article
1. Abstract 2. Introduction
3. Experimental procedure 4. Discussion of results

13. Why scientist publish in video journal
- Publication – JoVE is a peer reviewed scientific journal
- Prestigous Editorial Board; indexed in PubMed and Medline
- Video articles are from top universities (Harvard, MIT, Yale, NIH, ...)
- Easy to create - JoVE films videos in authors‘ labs

14. JoVE video article
Niiyama, H., Huang, N. F., Rollins, M. D., Cooke, J. P., Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
http://www.jove.com/details.stp?id=1035 doi: 10.3791/1035. J Vis Exp. 23 (2009).
January 2009: published
March 2012: unique views – 63,000; citations in other journals – 24.

15. Publication growth
2012: rate of publication 50 video articles per month

16. Usage growth – web traffic
• 275,000 unique visitors per month
• 80% from academic instituitions

17. Subscription growth
Subscribers: universities, colleges and pharma/biotech companies

18. Institutional Subscribers
March 2012: ~350 institutions subscribed. Examples:
USA: Harvard, MIT, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Caltech, Berkeley, NIH, ….
Canada: McGill, Toronto, Calgary, Queens, Guelph, Waterloo, …
UK: Edinburgh, Manchester, Leicester, Kings College, …
Germany: Max Planck Institute, MDC Berlin, U. Frankfurt, ….
Sweden: Karolinska Institute, Uppsala, Chalmers, University of Agriculture, ….
Israel: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Technion, Weizmann Institute, ….
Australia: Newcastle, Queensland, Melbourne, New South Wales, …
Taiwan: National Taiwan University, Academica Sinica, National Health Research, …
Korea: Yonsei, KAIST, Korean Institute of Science and Technology

19. Example of usage: Yale University
~450 unique visitors per month

20. JoVE current status
Published 60 montly issues, ~2,000 video-articles since Oct. 2006
First video journal indexed in PubMed and Medline
Current rate of publication: 50 video-articles per month across 5 sections:
JoVE
JoVE Neuroscience
JoVE Immunology and Infection
JoVE Bioengineering
JoVE Translational and Clinical Medicine
JoVE Applied Physics (from July 1)
10 new articles per each section every month
Journal Traffic: >250,000 unique visitors per month
375 institutions subscribed

21. How video publication works -
we film your video in your lab

22. Videographer Network
Countries covered: USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Holland, Austria, Switzerland,
Sweden, France, Israel, Japan and Australia

23. Video article production process
Text
Protocol Editing
Filming Publication

24. What users say
Dr. Maria Toledo-Rodriguez, University of Nottingham
By having the video protocol ... anybody can quickly learn the
technique whenever it is convenient for her/him saving them lots of
time, money and frustrations.
Dr. Rich Condit, University of Florida
You can't figure out how to do this stuff just from reading the literature,
you have to have somebody show you ... this is amazing!
Lalitha Chandrasekher, PhD student, Georgetown University
Thank you for creating and developing such an astounding resource for
scientists! This is truly going to rapidly advance progress in all fields of
research and the potential applications are endless.

25. ROI – how much money video journal can
save for one institution
Cost: 2 months of work, travel, reagents…. ~ $10,000 to reproduce one experiment
100 cases per year per institution
Total: ~$1,000,000

26. What do you want for your users?
OR