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Semelhante a N5AC 2014-10-11 Pacificon SDR Advances
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N5AC 2014-10-11 Pacificon SDR Advances
- 2. SDR Advances and the Future of SDR Pacificon: October 11, 2014 Stephen Hicks, N5AC VP Engineering, FlexRadio Systems F L E X R A D I O S Y S T E M S
- 3. SDR Advances Agenda What is an SDR? New Technologies in SDR Direct Sampling SmartSDR Architecture Networking CESSB Wide and Narrow simultaneously Future SDR Capabilities
- 4. What is an SDR?
- 5. What is an SDR?
- 6. What is an SDR? SDR is a spectrum Some radios are clearly NOT Other radios clearly ARE Many permutations is-between So what makes up an SDR?
- 7. Back to Basics … Radio Magic
- 8. Back to Basics … LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER
- 9. Multi-Conversion 64.455 MHz 455kHz 36kHz 3–15 kHz Roofing Filter Distortion DEMOD
- 10. Engineering Design Process Draw a block diagram Simulate Draw a schematic Simulate Build Measure and adjust
- 11. Engineering Design Process Does the circuit match the simulation exactly? NO … WHY? Components are not “ideal” There are losses not modeled Component variance Component capabilities Result: Never as good as the simulation
- 12. Can’t we account for component differences? In some cases, YES Some materials work better in some cases Compensating circuits can be added In some cases, NO There will always be issues
- 13. Components and Problems Resistors Capacitors Inductors Transistors Mixers Amplifiers Crystals Filters Lot Variance Parasitics Non-linearities Thermal variance Electrically induced variance IMD Manufacturing variance The list goes on…
- 14. Filtering: The Goal “Brick Wall” Filter frequency response Block undesired Pass desired
- 15. Filtering Practical limits to achievable results Suggested capacitor model, Tantalum capacitor
- 16. Block Diagram Key Yellow blocks are Green blocks are DIGITAL ANALOG 123 346 767 1134 001 1010 1011 110 010 455 913 21 2394 23
- 17. Filter Design: Simulation Sampled signals passed through simulated ideal components Results could even be played out a speaker 123 346 767 1134 1582 1204 895 431 208 150 300 600 1200 1500 1200 600 300 150 FILTER SIMULATION DAC
- 18. Filter Design: Simulation Limits Analog: 20-30 poles Digital: unlimited … except for latency. Maybe 200, 1000, more! Could a computer run the simulation IN THE RADIO? ADC DAC FILTER SIMULATION
- 19. Presto: Software in the Radio LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Is this an SDR? ADC DAC
- 20. DEFINITIONS: Software Defined vs. Controlled CONTROLLED Computer Control of Fixed Capabilities (frequency, band, etc) DEFINED Modulation, Demodulation, filtering, and processing; as well as Control Capabilities Software Defined and Upgradeable
- 21. Filter Shape Factor FLEX-5000 Note Brick Wall & Flatness Radio Y Radio Z Radio X
- 22. 500 Hz Brick Wall Filter 6dB Bandwidth 487 Hz, 60dB Bandwidth 660 Hz, Shape Factor ~1.35 4096 Bin FFT and 2048 Tap Filter
- 23. 2.8KHz SSB Filter Spectrum 6dB Bandwidth 2587 Hz, 60dB Bandwidth 2756 Shape Factor ~1.06, 2048 Tap Filter
- 24. Software Demodulation LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Now, is this an SDR? ADC DAC
- 25. Software Demodulation and Baseband New demod schemes added later! Precise Filtering Advanced Noise Reduction DEMOD IF AMP AUDIO AMP FILTER DAC ADC
- 26. PowerSDR - A FlexRadio Original!
- 27. Economics 101 What is the marginal cost of a 2nd receiver in an analog radio? ANSWER: the cost of the added parts (plus amortized engineering)
- 28. What if I want 2 RX? LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER 2x analog components ≈ $2x ADC DAC DEMODADC FILTER
- 29. What are we trying to achieve? Remove distortion Better performance Flexibility to change or add features Ability to tailor the radio quickly Never before possible noise mitigation Never before possible capabilities Can we do more?
- 30. LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER What about this analog stuff? DAC ADC
- 31. Direct Sampling LO DEMOD FILTER AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Now, THAT’s an SDR! DAC ADC
- 32. LO DEMOD FILTER IF AMP AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Why doesn’t everyone do Direct Sampling? 192kHz @ 64bits = 12Mbps 192kHz DAC ADC
- 33. 10Mbps
- 34. Direct Sampling LO DEMOD FILTER AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Now, THAT’s an SDR! 250MHz @ 16bits = 4Gbps 250MHz DAC ADC
- 35. 4Gbps is… 40 - 100Mbps cables 4 - 1Gbps cables That’s a LOT of data! The most modern home networking you can buy, can’t handle this …
- 36. Direct Sampling Benefits + Distortion minimized (ADC @ antenna): best signal clarity + n-Receivers, n-Panadapters and varying widths see more bands, more receivers + Extremely high dynamic range: operate in worst conditions + Extreme flexibility through reprogrammability (ultimate SDR): future benefits – Technically challenging to design
- 37. Economics 101 What is the marginal cost of a 2nd receiver in an digital radio (SDR)? ANSWER: the cost of the extra processing power (plus amortized engineering) … think Moore’s law Processing Power = FPGA
- 38. Direct Sampling LO DEMOD FILTER AUDIO AMP MIXER FILTER Now, THAT’s an SDR! ALL of HF digitizedALL of HF DAC ADC
- 39. Direct Sampling NCO DEMOD FILTER AUDIO AMP MIXER How many do you want? DAC ADC DEMOD FILTER MIXER
- 40. We are called to be the architects of the future, not it’s victims —R. Buckminster Fuller
- 41. Design Options: #1: ADC and a hose Radio is ADC ⟹ FPGA ⟹ Ethernet Leverage PowerSDR; minimal SW investment ADC FPGA PC RADIO
- 42. CDRX-3200, circa 2008 32 Synchronous, Coherent ADCs + FPGA 440Mbps bandwidth Our customers have trouble absorbing the bandwidth ADC and a hose: CDRX-3200
- 43. LBRX-24, circa 2010 24 Microwave ADCs + 2 FPGAs 40Gbps bandwidth, yes Gigabit, 4x10Gb SFP+ Our customers’ PCs have memory in the 100s of GB ADC and a hose: LBRX-24
- 44. RADIO Design Options: #2: ADC + FPGA + DSP/uP Radio reduces bandwidth to minimum before Ethernet Oh gosh: start over with SW: big investment! ADC FPGA PC/ OTHER CHL BB DSP
- 45. Direct Sampling Radios HPSDR Hermes HPSDR RF DSP DSP CTRL ANAN-100D
- 46. Direct Sampling Radios RF DSP CTRL FLEX-6000
- 47. Integrating the Baseband Processor Key Benefits Consistent performance independent of PC Minimized network bandwidth (think remote) Minimization of “system” problems Self-contained, rapid startup platform Spectrum displays (panadapter) independent of available network bandwidth Network optimized
- 55. Networking EVERYTHING is moving to the network. You can TAKE YOUR FUN WITH YOU
- 56. What is a contact? You’re at your QTH and you work Christmas Island T32C RF
- 57. What is a contact? You’re trade emails with the operator of T32C on Christmas Island. His email says “You are 599 here!” T32C RF Internet
- 58. What is a contact? You talk to Christmas Island using your local 2m repeater and EchoLink T32C RF Internet
- 59. What is a contact? You’re at the store and you remote control your home station to work Christmas Island T32C RF Internet
- 60. Does your radio need THIS?
- 61. Does your radio run HERE?
- 62. T/F: Rare DX is convenient Where’s your operating position?
- 63. Adaptive Predistortion Power Amplifiers: Nonlinearities Designs have improved What if we knew in advance of the PA? Could we correct? HPSDR: Pure Signal
- 66. Phase Noise Affects both RX and TX interference capabilities Oscillator phase noise getting better every year Direct Sampling radios demanding Take a look at the all FLEX-6000 Thunderbird FD
- 67. Low Phase Noise Field Day
- 68. Low Phase Noise Field Day 100W PSK31
- 69. © 2 0 1 4 F L E X R A D I O S Y S T E M S Speech Processor (CESSB) David Hershberger, W9GR, approached us at Dayton 2013 Algorithm implemented in SmartSDR + on-air testing Excellent speech and a ~2.5dB power improvement Results and algorithm to be published in QEX later this year
- 70. © 2 0 1 4 F L E X R A D I O S Y S T E M S Speech Processor Power
- 71. Many data streams at once FLEX-6700 8 narrow-band 24kHz receivers 8 panadapters 4 wide-band (192kHz) I/Q streams for skimming
- 74. CW Skimmer x4
- 75. Digital Modes
- 77. WSPR times 4!
- 78. EasyPAL
- 79. TX6G: A Picture is worth 1,000 words
- 80. Remote Audio Coming in v1.4
- 81. Today: CW, PSK, RTTY Tomorrow: Everything Digital and voice Digital is fully integrated … no cables The Future: Decoding
- 82. © 2 0 1 4 F L E X R A D I O S Y S T E M S The Future: Decoding
- 83. Today: Mostly hacked together and inconvenient Tomorrow: Easy remote, tablets everywhere The Future: Remote
- 84. Today: On premise integration driven by contesters Tomorrow: Integration driven by plethora of remote solutions and the need to drive other hardware The Future: Integration
- 85. Today: Virtually none Tomorrow: Radios will find and classify signals (determine mode) The Future: Signal Classification
- 86. Today: Phased receive arrays, few TX arrays Tomorrow: Every antenna will have an SCU and for operators with multiple antennas, instant arbitrary, rotation will be possible The Future: Steering and MIMO
- 87. Today: Panadapters, Waterfalls and the occasional scope Tomorrow: New displays that show perspectives of data not previously seen. Operational advantage will drive innovation The Future: Visualization
- 88. Today: Advanced NB, NR techniques in many radios Tomorrow: Dedicated noise receivers will be used to eliminate noise more effectively, optimal combining across multiple antennas will emerge The Future: Noise Reduction
- 89. Today: Occasional Remote-to-base operation Tomorrow: Remote assets will be combined inside of a single program to enhance operational capabilities. Remotes may be used in combining, DFing or other applications The Future: Networking