Standard vs Custom Battery Packs - Decoding the Power Play
Reaction turbbine
1. PRESENTATION:
REACTION TURBINE
MUHAMMAD UMER 002
ABDUL BASIT 005
MUHAMMAD ATIF 006
5TH SEMSTER
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. NABEEL ALI
IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS STUDIES
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
2.
3. ALL ABOUT REACTION TURBINE
CONTENT
WHAT IS REACTION TURBINE?
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF REACTION TURBINE
TYPES OF REACTION TURBINE
REACTION TURBINE PRESSURE COMPOUNDING
STAGES OF TURBINE BLADES
PRSSURE – VELOSITY DIAGRAM FOR MOVING REACTION BLADE
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE
FUNCTION POINTS OF REACTION TURBINE
4. What Is Reaction
Turbine?
A Reaction Turbine is a type
of turbine that develops
Torque by reacting to the
pressure or weight of a fluid
The operation of reaction
turbines is described by
Newton's Third Law Of
Motion (action and reaction
are equal and opposite).
Reaction turbines are medium
to low-head, and high-flow rate
devices
5.
6.
7. In a reaction turbine, forces driving the
Rotor are achieved by the reaction of an
accelerating water flow in the runner
while the pressure drops.
The reaction principle can be observed in
a rotary lawn sprinkler where the
emerging jet drives the rotor in the
opposite direction.
It is not possible to regulate the flow
without loss.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
OF REACTION TURBINE
8. TYPES OF REACTION TURBINE
There are mainly two types of Reaction Turbines.
They are as follows-
Radially Flow Reaction Turbine
Axial Flow Turbine
Mixed flow turbine
12. REACTION TURBINE
Mixed Flow Turbine: The water enters the
runner in the radial direction and leaves in
axial direction. Example: Modern Francis
turbine.
Axial Flow Turbine: The flow of
water is in the direction parallel to
the axis of the shaft
. Example: Kaplan turbine and
propeller turbine.
Radially Flow Reaction Turbine:
In radial turbine water flows in
radial direction
The water may flow radially
from outward to inward or
inward to outward.
Free-flow Turbines: generate
electricity from the kinetic
energy present in flowing
water rather than the potential
energy from the head.
13. Axial Flow Turbine
The flow of water is
in the direction
parallel to the axis of
the shaft
. Example:
• Kaplan Turbine
• Propeller Turbine.
14. KAPLAN TURBINE
• The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine like
propeller turbine which has adjustable
blades and is used for low heads and high
discharges.
• It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian
professor Viktor Kaplan.
• The Kaplan turbine is an inward
flow reaction turbine, which means that the
working fluid changes pressure as it moves
through the turbine and gives up its energy.
• The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps
around the turbine's wicket gate. Water is
directed tangentially through the wicket gate
and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner,
causing it to spin.
• The Kaplan turbine having drop height: 10 -
700 m and Flow rate 4 - 55 m3/s
16. • Kaplan turbines are widely used
throughout the world for
electrical power production.
They cover the lowest head
hydro sites and are especially
suited for high flow conditions.
• Inexpensive micro turbines on
the Kaplan turbine model are
manufactured for individual
power production with as little as
two feet of head.
• Large Kaplan turbines are
individually designed for each
site to operate at the highest
possible efficiency, typically
over 90%. They are very
expensive to design, manufacture
and install, but operate for
decades.
17. PROPELLER TURBINE.
• A propeller turbine generally has a runner with
three to six blades in which the water contacts
all of the blades constantly.
• Through the pipe, the pressure is constant; if it
isn't, the runner would be out of balance.
• The pitch of the blades may be fixed or
adjustable.
• The major components besides the runner are a
scroll case, wicket gates, and a draft tube. There
are several different types of propeller turbines:
BULB TURBINE
The turbine and generator are a sealed unit placed
directly in the water stream.
STRAFLO
The generator is attached directly to the perimeter
of the turbine.
TUBE TURBINE
The penstock bends just before or after the runner,
allowing a straight line connection to the generator.
18. MIXED FLOW TURBINE:
The water enters the runner
in the radial direction and
leaves in axial direction.
Example: Modern Francis
turbine.
19. FRANCIS TURBINE • The Francis turbine is a type of water
turbine that was developed by James
B.Franceis and are used for medium
head(45-400 m) and medium
discharge.(10-700 m^3/s)
• The Francis turbine is a type of
reaction turbine in which the working
fluid comes to the turbine under
immense pressure and the energy is
extracted by the turbine blades from
the working fluid.
• The turbine's exit tube is shaped to help
decelerate the water flow and recover
the pressure.
• Water flow is radial from exterior to
interior.
20. • Francis type units cover a head
range from 40 to 600 m (130 to
2,000 ft).
• Its efficiency decreases as flow
decreases.
• They may also be used
for pumped storage, where a
reservoir is filled by the turbine
(acting as a pump) driven by the
generator acting as a large
electrical motor during periods
of low power demand.
25. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE
ADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE-
It has an extreme capacity to use high pressures and high temperatures.
It is a oil free exhaust system.
Its blade efficiency is very high.
Very high rotational speed.
Less space required for the installation.
DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINES-
If gears are implemented it would be possible to vary speed on the
requirement.
The reversibility of steam turbine cannot be prepared.
It recovers less energy per space.
The blade tips wear a lot.
Generates opposite thrust force.
26. FUNCTION POINTS OF REACTION TURBINE
Only a portion of the fluid energy is converted into
kinetic energy before the fluid enters the turbine
runner.
The work is done partly by the change in the
velocity head, but almost entirely by the change in
pressure head.
It is not possible to regulate the flow without loss.
Casing is absolutely necessary, because the
pressure at inlet to the turbine is much higher than
the pressure at outlet. Unit has to be sealed from
atmospheric pressure.
Water completely fills the vane passage.
