The document provides an overview of the decline of the Mughal Empire in India. It discusses several key reasons for the empire's decline: [1] The huge empire became difficult to administer over its vast geographic area; [2] The high costs of putting down rebellions and fighting invaders drained imperial finances; [3] Succession disputes between heirs to the throne wasted resources and weakened the empire. Additional factors included the growing pleasure-seeking of the nobility, weakening central control, and the arrival of European powers like the British who were able to take control by 1857, marking the end of the Mughal Empire.

1. PAKISTAN STUDIES
HISTORY !!

2. PRESENTED BY
 Muhammad Makeen Hashmi
 Muhammad Sameer
 Salman
 Muhammad Huzaifa Khan

3. “DOWNFALL OF
MUSLIM SOCIETY”

4. INTRODUCTION TO MUGHAL EMPERORS
 Mughals ruled the subcontinent for three centuries and left
an indelible mark on its culture and society.
 Mughal Emperors are well known all over the world for their
golden rule over the Sub-continent, which lasted for over
three centuries. Not only did they gloriously rule this part of
the world, they also left an indelible mark on the Indian Sub-
continent with their art and architecture. To this day, there are
beautiful buildings in all parts of the Sub-continent, now
divided into India and Pakistan, which reminds one of its
splendid past.

5. RENOWN MUGHALS

6. ZAHIR-UD-DIN BABUR
 Mughals came to the Sub-continent when Zahiruddin
Babar conquered Delhi in 1526. It was after the famous
Battle of Panipat where Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi,
thus bringing an end to the Lodhi dynasty. This also laid
the foundation for Mughal Empire which then went on
to rule the Sub-continent for next three centuries. Babar
was a very dynamic and enterprising ruler, who could
not rule India for more than four years as he died in
1530

7. NASEER-UD-DIN HUMAYUN
 Humayun, Babar's son, succeeded him but he faced several tough
times when he ascended the throne. It was because of the fact that
his father died before he could consolidate his empire. Sher Shah
Suri proved to be the toughest one who brought Afghans to power
and temporarily put an end to the Mughal rule after he defeated
Humayun in 1540.
 After his death, his son reigned for nine years and his son Firuz
Shah succeeded him in turn in 1554. But all this proved to be
nothing but temporary hindrance in the restoration of the Mughal
Dynasty, which was established once again by Humayun in 1555.
But poor Humayun was very weak by then and died just a year later,
in 1556

8. JALAL-UD-DIN AKBAR
 It was then that the most important and by far the most eventful
period of Mughal reign began when Akbar, son of Humayun took
over after his father's death. Akbar was hardly thirteen when he
ascended the throne and went on to rule for almost half a century.
But in his early days of power, Akbar was supported by Bairam Khan
who faithfully helped him govern the huge Empire. Akbar is well
remembered for his statesmanship, which was based upon good
will towards all. He was but a weak Muslim and tried to bring
objectionable changes in the rules of this religion. But these
changes didn't last for long as Muslims believed staunchly in the
rules laid by The Holy Quran.

9. JAHANGIR
 Akbar's death brought his son Jahangir to the throne in 1605.
Jahangir's reign is dented with many rebellions which he
successfully countered. His greatest achievement was the conquest
of the fortress of Kangara in Punjab. It was captured after a
struggle, which lasted 14 months.

10. SHAH JAHAN
 Shah Jahan followed Jahangir in 1628, and to this day Shah Jahan is
known for the magnificent monument of Taj Mahal which he had
built in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Noor Jahan). But Shah
Jahan was accused by his son, Aurangzeb Alamgir, of extravagance
and he held his father captive and after some resistance from his
brothers came to power in 1658. He remained imprisoned for eight
years where he was treated very well but was kept away from the
administration of the Empire.

11. AURANGZEB ALAMGIR
 Aurangzeb Alamgir is known in history for his Islamic works. He was
a pious man who lived like any other ordinary man of India while he
was on the throne. He had seen the way his father had led his life
and despised it strongly. Therefore he preferred to work more for
the social good of his people.

12. END OF MUGHAL EMPIRE
 Though Mughal Empire did continue after the death of Aurangzeb,
it is unanimously agreed that the decline had started right after the
birth of this great Mughal Emperor. Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last
Mughal emperor who ascended the throne in 1837 and was forced
to leave in 1857 after the famous war of independence in which
British imprisoned Bahadur Shah in a fort and from thereon
became real ruler of the Sub-continent till 1947.

13. DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
 By the opening of the eighteenth century when Europe was ruled
by Strong monarchies and the European merchant communities
were well on the road to prosperity the Muslim powers everywhere
showed a rapid decline. The empire of the Muslims began to
weaken rapidly after the death of the great Emperor Alamgir-I in
1707.

14. WHY THE MUGHAL EMPIRES DECLINE ?
Reason:
There are many reasons why the Muhgal Empire declined. The decline
was gradual some historians blame Aurangzeb for sowing the seeds
of decline, the empire continued for another 150 yrs after his
death. Perhaps, the real answer was that a number of factors
combined to bring about the fall of one of Asia’s most famous
dynasties.

15.  ADMINISTRATION
The huge empire was very difficult to administer. Decisions often had
to be delayed over thousands of miles because of long distance,
that’s why emperors couldnot know what exactly was happening in
every part of empire. This was one reason why Aurangzeb
encouraged the use of mansabdars, but many problems remained.
When rebellions broke out it takes many months before the
emperors could take decisive action to end them…

16. MILITARY COSTS
The Mughal empire was huge & within the empire there was an array
of different peoples & different religions. The cost of putting down
rebellions & fighting wars against invaders, such as Nadir Shah from
Persia was enormous.

17. SUCCESSION
It should also not be forgotten that it was oftern true that huge sums
were wasted when emperor died and there was a succession
dispute, when shah jahan fell sick in 1657 all 4 sons ended up
fighting to succee him even though he had not yet died! it was to
avoid costly wars that aurangzev decided to divide the empire
btween his 3 sons but this was not success dul and suxxeession
disputes continued to erode the empire

18.  PLEASURE SEEKING
 The wealth created by the mughal also encouraged the nobility to
become pleasure loving and degenerate. they betrayed the
principles of Islam and istead enjoyed the pleasure brought by
wealth, noble often had the finest clothes jewellery and food. one
frnd of akbar is said to have ordered atleast 100 courses at each
meal. the emperors also set a poor example: fine buildings were a
symbol of power and culture but they were also sometimes so
expensive that they were a symbol od extravagance

19.  WEAK CONTROL
As the wealth and influence of the nobility grew so that thry became
highly powerful at court and some of the emperor found it very
difficlt to control them , with weak control from the centre . the
mansabdari system was not sufficiently supercised and
administrative efficiency declined, discontent grew and revenue
from taxcollection declined

20. THE ARRIVAL OF THE BRITISH
The Portuguese and the British (The English East India Company) came
in the guise of traders but developed factories and forts which
ultimately became centre of their subversive activities. Their clever
maneuverings and the weaknesses of the Muslim Rulers enabled
the British to seize control of the country by 1857. empire was in
srious decline by the end of 18 century,

21. THE END
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