1. • Higher Education in Developing Countries
• Economics of Higher Education
Day-4
Unit 5 & 6
Dr. Muhammad Jamil
03004255912
2. Higher Education System of
India, Egypt, Thailand and Malaysia
With following aspects
• Higher Education Institutions
• Focus of HE
• HE for development
• Challenges
3. HOW HE CAN PLAY ROLE IN
INNOVATION AND CHANGE ?????
PROVIDE EXAMPLES
4. Higher Education Institutions
India
• 1947: 20 Universities & 500 Colleges
• HE system having 42000 HEI
• UGC Main governing body
• HE provided by 5 Groups of Institutions,
Central state, Private, Deemed
Universities and Institutions of National
importance
Egypt
• 17 Public Universities, 51 non-public
universities, 16 private universities
and 89 private higher education
institutions
• 3 bodies for control of HE
• The Ministry of HIGHER Education
• The Supreme Council of Education
• Central Administration oF Al Azhar
Institutes
Malaysia
• Independence time, No University
• Uni in Singapore was set up in 1949
• Now 20 Public, 32 Private, and 6 Foreign
university branch campuses; 485 private
colleges, 24 technical and 37 public
community colleges
• There are also Various Higher
Educational Institutions from different
Thailand
• History of HE is One hundred years old
• HE philosophy adopted from West
• King Vajivauvt
• Set up 1st Uni of Thailand Chalalongkorn
University, in 1917
• Thammast University Estd. in 1933
• Three more founded in 1943
• All these five Universities were
6. Focus of HE Institutions
India
• Legal, medical, agricultural, arts, science
and commerce education are preferred
• Emphasis on Science andTechnology in
teaching at higher education level
• Distance and open learning is feature
of Indian higher educational system.
• India Gandhi National Open University
is the largest university in the world
Egypt
• HE mainly public, enrolling nearly
79.9% of enrollment.
• Ministry of HE control through
coordinating and supervising
• Manage Teacher training for basic
education
• The Supreme council of Universities
established in 1950, formulates the
overall policy of universitie
Malaysia
• Provision of certificate, diploma and
pre-university programs by teachers
colleges.
• Still relies heavily on Foreign Universities
• Many Private Colleges offer programs
whereby the student does part of the
degree course, and the other part of it in
the foreign institution.
Thailand
• The commission on Higher
Education is responsible for higher
education
• It sets Standards for allocation of
resources by monitoring and evaluation
of HE, technical colleges, teacher
training colleges and nursing institutes.
• These institutes played a strong role
for economic development
7. REFLECTION
Focus of Higher Education Institutions
Comparison(India, Malaysia, Egypt,Thailand)
Write your answers in chat box please
5 Minutes
8. HE for Development
India
• Need for Labour market
• Preference of Legal, medical agricultural,
arts, science and commerce education
• Lack of balance with labor market led
to unemployment.
• Tendency towards arts
• Students’ Shifting from engineering to
medicines and from science to arts and
commerce.
Egypt
• Secondary Education is not
according to Market Demand for
skills development
• The graduates of HE earn higher
income
• Facing Crises of Globalization
Malaysia
• Focus to fulfill the Economic Needs
• Ministry of HE encourage to Establish
Private Colleges and universities
• Government has realized the
Importance of Autonomy of higher
institution
Thailand
• Emphasis on Human Capacity and
Resource Development
• Internationalization of higher
education
• Focus on the development human
potential, creativity for capacity
building of individuals and the whole
nation
9. REFLECTION
Higher Education for Development
Comparison(India, Malaysia, Egypt,Thailand)
Write your answers in chat box please
5 Minutes
10. Challenges
India
• 600 Million of people under 25 years old
• By2020, India will the largest territory
• Low quality teaching, Shortage of
faculty, No employer engagement, very
few opportunities for inter-disciplinary
learning, rote learning, separation of
research and teaching are also
challenges
Egypt
• Curricula: Rigid, out-dated, narrow and
not suitable for market demand,
• Assessment in HEI based on
memorization and traditional methods
• Lack of quality
• Lack of funds
Malaysia
• Need to improve the Efficiency and
Accessibility of higher education
institutions.
• Production of Skilled,Technical
hands and professionals
• Need to invest on Technical
Education
Thailand
• Facing Internal and External
Challenges
• Internationalizing higher education
• Emphasized on Memorization
• Insufficient Resources and Allocations
• Access of students
• Mismatching with market demands
• No effective mechanism for Evaluation
11. REFLECTION
Challenges of Higher Education
Comparison(India, Malaysia, Egypt,Thailand)
Write your answers in chat box please
5 Minutes
15. • Investment in Education at University
• Wastage in Higher Education
• Cost effective Analysis and its Educational Implications
• Financing in Higher Education
16. ECONOMICS OF
EDUCATION
• Economics of Education is the application of
Economics principles, concepts, laws to the process
of Education
• Study how Educational Managers make official or
approved choices from available resources
• Aims at Ensuring Efficiency in the allocation and
utilization of resources in education
17. INVESTMENT IN UNIVERSITY (BENEFITS)
• Investment of university is investment in the future
• Better Jobs
• Rewarding work
• Higher Income
• Understanding
• Intellectual Engagement
• Benefits of Higher Education
• Human Capital Building
• Skills Development
19. Wastage in Higher Education
• Wastage in Education occurs when students leave
the educational system prior to the termination of
an educational cycle (drop out).
• Repetition of a student in the same class or grade
• Wastage in Higher Education is considered in terms
of the amount of expenditure on education, which
remains ill spent due to non-utilization, or improper
utilization of education.
Two kinds of Wastages
First:Wastage for the course due to dropout
Second: Wastage due to the non utilization of
21. FORMS OF WASTAGE
• Failure of the system to provide a universal
education
• Failure to recruit children into the system
• Failure to hold children within the system
• Failure of the system to set appropriate objectives
• Inefficiency in the achievement of such objectives
22. REFLECTION
Which form is the most important and
how?
Write your answers in chat box please
5 Minutes
23. • An EvaluationTool designed to assist in choosing
among alternative courses of action or policies when
resources are limited
• In Education implications schools, districts, and higher
education institutions can improve educational
outcomes
Cost Effectiveness Analysis
