Concept of inequality Measuring inequality Inequality and poverty reduction Black feminist thought Ideals of black feminist thoughts

1. Reconsidering Social Inequality
PRESENTERS:
Muhammad Faizan Jamil

2. Concept of inequality
• What is inequality?
–The gap between the poor and the rich, between the
lifestyles and the luxuries of the common people.
–Poverty line
–Head count
–Poverty gap
–Human Development Index

3. Measuring inequality
• Absolute and relative inequality
• Distribution of income by quantities
• With-in country inequality
• Between-country inequality
–Inter country inequality
–International inequality
–Global inequality

4. Inequality and poverty reduction
• Inequality Matters for Poverty Reduction.
• Inequality can affect the pace of poverty reduction through reducing the
effectiveness of growth in achieving poverty reduction.
• Two identical economies, but with very different income distributions,
will have different poverty responses to growth, the country with high
initial income inequality is likely to see a smaller positive impact of
growth on poverty reduction than the country with low initial income
inequality.

5. Globalization and the poor
• Does globalization harm the poor?
– Globalization has many facets, including foreign trade, cross-
border financial flows, international migration, temporary
movement of service providers, and information flows. The
focus here is on openness to trade.
• Recent empirical literature finds no simple generalizations about
the impact of openness to trade on poverty

6. Black feminist thought
• What is black feminist thought?
– Black feminist thought consists of ideas produced by Black women
that clarify a standpoint of and for Black women.
• Legends of History
–Work of Zora Neale Hurston.
–Work of Maria Stewart
–Work of Marilyn Richardson

7. Ideals of black feminist thoughts
• Black women's insistence on self-definition, self-valuation, and
the necessity for a Black female-centered analysis is significant for
two reasons:
– First, defining and valuing one's consciousness of one's own
self-defined standpoint in the face of images that foster a self-
definition as the objectified "other" is an important way of
resisting the dehumanization essential to systems of
domination.
– Second defining is that the powerful white males define
themselves as subjects, the true actors, and classify people of
color and women in terms of their position vis-a-vis this white
male hub.

8. Later years..
• Moreover, as Britain and Maynard point out,
“Domination always involves the objectification of the dominated; all
forms of oppression imply the devaluation of the subjectivity of the
oppressed.”
• A second class citizenship was to the women where they filled the
physical labor, with no assistance.
• The contradictions faced by the African American women in the United
States during the revolution were recognized and respected.

9. • Now the American dream is for everyone, even African
American women have now the rights and legal responsibilities
of any other person in the United States.
• The current first lady of the United States presented the medal
of valor to the women of both racial sects in the military and
the private corporation.
• The women empowerment program now has the resources to
relocate and provide legal propositions to women all around
the world.

10. Thank You