2. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Presented By Course Incharge
Muhammad Azhar
Ishfaque Ahmed
Prof. Dr. Saqib Anjum

4. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Contents • Introduction
• Historical Background
• World Wide Synchrotron Facilities
• Synchrotron Design & its Essential
Components
• Functions of Essential Components
• Detection of Synchrotron Radiation
• Properties of Synchrotron Radiation
• Advantages of Synchrotron Radiation
• Applications
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5. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Introduction Synchrotron radiation is the electromagnetic radiation
emitted when charge particles travel in curved path.
In Synchrotron the charge particle moves with
constant relativistic speed on a circular arc.
The relativistic speed domain make it different from
Cyclotron.
Ordinary Synchrotron radiation
Bending-Magnet Radiation
SR
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6. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Introduction (Cont.…) A synchrotron produces light by using radio frequency
waves and powerful electro-magnets to accelerate
electrons to nearly the speed of light.
Energy is added to the electrons as they accelerate so
that, when the magnets alter their course, they
naturally emit a very brilliant, highly focused light.
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7. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Historical Background Synchrotron radiation was named after its discovery in a General Electric
synchrotron accelerator built in 1946 and announced in May 1947 by
Frank Elder.
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8. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
World Wide
Synchrotron Facilities
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9. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Synchrotron Design
& its Essential
Components
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d

10. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d
1. MICROTRON
An electron gun inside a microtron generates electrons. Radio waves then accelerate the electrons to an
energy level of 22MeV.

11. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d
2. BOOSTER RING
The electrons enter a booster ring where magnets force them to travel in a circular path and radio waves
accelerates electrons to 800 MeV.

12. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d
3. STORAGE RING
The electron beam travels to a storage ring where it races around fo5r hours, reaching 2.5 GeV.

13. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
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3A. BENDING MAGNETS
Bending magnets adjust the path of the electron beam to keep it inside the storage ring.

14. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
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3B. WIGGLERS/UNDULATORS
Magnets called wigglers and undulators force to emit a concentrated beam of light.

15. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d
3C. RADIO-FREQUENCY CAVITIES
Radio-frequency cavities add energy to the circulating electrons to replace the energy that was lost as
light.

16. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Functions of Essential
Components
(Cont.…)
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4. BEAM LINE/ EXPERIMENTAL STATION
The light travel down a beam line, which sends the beam to an experimental station, where optics focus or
filter the light to allow scientist to investigate their samples.

17. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Detection of
Synchrotron
Radiation
The synchrotron radiation detected at Experimental Stations
Each Experimental Station has 3-Areas
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18. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Detection of
Synchrotron
Radiation
(Cont...)
Optics Hutch=> As X-ray
beam pass through the
optics hutch it is focused &
filtered
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Experimental Hutch=> In this
hutch rays strike the mounted
sample. This interaction gives
the detailed structure
Control Cabin=> In control cabin
the scientists control the
experiment, monitor and
analyse the data.

19. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Properties of
Synchrotron
Radiation
• High Intensity
• Continuous Spectrum
• Excellent Collimation (Brilliance)
• Low Emittance
• Pulsed-Time Structured
• Polarization
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20. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Advantages of
Synchrotron
Radiation
• An Example. The intensity of synchrotron X-rays is
more than a million times higher that of X-rays from
a conventional X-ray tube. Experiments that took a
month to complete can now be done in only a few
minutes.
• With synchrotron radiation, molecular structures
that once baffled researchers can now be analyzed
precisely, and this progress has opened up many
new research fields over the last few years.
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21. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
Applications • Life sciences: protein and large-molecule crystallography
• LIGA based microfabrication
• Drug discovery and research
• X-ray lithography
• Analyzing chemicals to determine their composition
• Observing the reaction of living cells to drugs
• Inorganic material crystallography and microanalysis
• Fluorescence studies
• Semiconductor material analysis and structural studies
• Geological material analysis
• Medical imaging
• Particle therapy to treat some forms of cancer
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22. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
References Albert Hofmann, “The Physics of Synchrotron Radiation” Cambridge
University Press, 2004
Herman Winick, “Synchrotron Radiation Sources: A Primer”, World
Scientific Publishing, 1995
C. Kunz, “Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications”, Springer
Science & Business Media, 1979
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23. S y n c h r o t r o n R a d i a t i o n
M u h a m m a d A z h a r N E D U E T I s h f a q u e A h m e d