2. In this lecture
we’ll learn:
Sleep
Pain
Temperature Regulation
Bowl and Bladder Movements
Maternal and Sex Motives
introduction to secondary motives
3. SLEEP
Sleep drive occurs usually at regular
intervals for a person. Lack of sleep or
inadequate sleep over long periods
can result in confusion, attention
deficit, muscle tremors and increased
sensitivity to pain. The metabolism
rate drops during sleep regenerating
energy.
4. SLEEP
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of
relatively suspended sensory and motor
activity, characterized by total or partial
unconsciousness and the inactivity of
nearly all voluntary muscles.
In humans, other mammals, and a
substantial majority of other animals
regular sleep is essential for survival.
5. SLEEP
The purposes and mechanisms of sleep are
only partially clear and are the subject of
intense research.
Homeostatic sleep propensity (the need for
sleep as a function of the amount of time
elapsed since the last adequate sleep episode)
must be balanced against the circadian
element for satisfactory sleep
6. FATIGUE
We take rest to restores
body’s energies.
to reduce level of Lactic acid.
7. AIR or Oxygen
Need for air is inborn and
universally needed.
Continuous supply of air is
requiring keeping one healthy
and alive. This need is fulfilled by
oxygen.
8. AIR
Oxygen is the most important
requirement in the human body.
We inhale air to fill up our lungs
with oxygen and distribute it to
every part of the body arteries.
9. AIR
Our respiratory system constantly
inhales oxygen and exhales carbon
dioxide.
Shortage of oxygen can affect the
individual’s activities, emotional life,
and circulatory system by making him
restless, mentally confused, physically
imbalance and unconscious.
10. SEX DRIVE
Sex drive is considered a biological
drive since it is dependent on
physiological conditions.
Unlike hunger and thirst, sex is not
essential for survival of the
individual but is necessary for the
survival of the species.
11. DRIVE FOR ELIMINATION OF WASTE
When the bladder or intestine
becomes distended with waste
material, they cause pressure
and discomfort. The person
becomes restless until the waste
materials are eliminated and
pressure relieved.
12. MATERNAL DRIVE
Maternal behavior is instinctive in
nature. It is unlearned.
Physiological drive causes
maternal behavior. Maternal drive
is caused by prolactin, a hormone
secreted by pituitary.
17. 1. Achievement motives:
They refer to a drive towards
some standards of
excellence. People with high-
level achievement motives
prefer tasks that would
promise success and are
moderately difficult.
18. David C McClelland has found that while
high achievers tend to succeed, low
achievers tend to avoid failures. High
achievers challenge failures and work harder
while low achievers accept failures and go
for less difficult tasks. High achievers prefer
personal responsibility and like to get
feedback about their works.
20. References
1. Shahnaz, R. (2010). An Approach to Psychology
Vol. 1. Caravan Book House Lahore.
2. Feldman, S. R. (10th Ed) Understanding
Psychology.
3. Bruno, J. F., Psychology A self-Teaching Guide .
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New
Jersey
4. https://www.verywellmind.com/psychology
Notas do Editor
A recent National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America poll found that adults (ages 18-54) sleep an average of 6.4 hours per night on weekdays
Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. Prolactin causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth. Prolactin levels are normally high for pregnant women and new mothers. Levels are normally low for nonpregnant women and for men.