Chapter 23 Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto
•Transferir como PPT, PDF•
1 gostou•1,574 visualizações
Chapter 23 Enjoyment of Music Third Essential Listening Edition
Recomendados
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Semelhante a Chapter 23 Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto
Semelhante a Chapter 23 Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto (20)
Mais de Laura Riddle
Mais de Laura Riddle (20)
Último
Último (20)
Chapter 23 Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto
- 1. THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC ESSENTIAL LISTENING EDITION by Kristine Forney Andrew Dell’Antonio Joseph Machlis THIRD EDITION Lecture Slides
- 2. Chapter 23 Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto
- 3. The Baroque Orchestra • Chamber orchestra-small, 10 to 30-40 players, for use in smaller venues • All had basso continuo, upper strings, woodwinds/brass/percussion variable • Instrumentation varied from piece to piece • Baroque trumpet-no valves, difficult to play, aristocratic role in orchestra • Composers used great deal of doubling and rearranging
- 4. Baroque Instrumental Music: General Characteristics • Several major genres developed: – The Baroque Concerto--a soloist plus an accompaniment consisting of harpsichord and small chamber orchestra (mostly strings) – The Concerto Grosso--several soloists plus an orchestra (called “tutti” or “ripieno”)
- 5. Concerto • Sharp contrast between the timbre of the solo instrument (or the small group of soloists) and the larger ensemble/orchestra • An example of the Baroque love of extremes • Nearly every modern symphony concert includes at least one concerto--they were written in all periods after the Baroque era.
- 6. The Baroque Concerto • Contrast and unity • Latin concertare (“to contend with”) • Opposition of different forces
- 7. Two Types of Concerti The Baroque Concerto Vivaldi: Concerto for piccolo in C, I Handel: Concerto grosso in G, II • Solo concerto • Concerto gross - Concerti - ripieno, or tutti
- 8. The Concerto Plan • Movements- piece that sounds complete & independent on its own but part of larger composition • Three movements--typical arrangement: fast movement, slow movement, fast movement • Middle movement often in contrasting key 1st Movement Fast (allegro) 2nd Movement Slow (Adagio, Andante) 3rd Movement Fast (allegro)
- 9. The Ritornello Principle • Typically a recurring theme (called the “ritornello”) is played by the whole orchestra (the “tutti”). • Soloists play more virtuostic transition passages in which the key of piece changes (called “modulation”). • Tutti returns to play the ritornello theme in the new key; this pattern of soloists and tutti repeats several times. • Last statement of ritornello theme is in the original key.
- 10. Ritornello Form R it o r n e llo F o r m R it o r n e llo 1 S o lo 1 R it o r n e llo 2 S o lo 2 R it o r n e llo 3 r e p e a t p a t t e r n Tonic key New keys----------> Tonic key at end
- 11. Program Music • An instrumental work that is in some way associated with a story, event, or idea • Can be indicated by – Suggestive title – A prose narrative – A poem • Listener can listen with program in mind or without it--listener’s choice.
- 12. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) • Born in Venice, a virtuoso violinist • Most important accomplishments: innovations in concerto form, orchestration, and violin technique • Prolific composer of concertos, sonatas, operas, cantatas, chamber pieces, and sacred vocal music • Most famous works: hundreds of concertos, including The Four Seasons--4 violin concertos (one depicting each season)
- 13. Antonio Vivaldi (1678 - 1741) • Called the “Red Priest” • 1703-1740-Director of music at Ospedale della Pieta-orphanage for young women • Moved to Vienna and worked in Charles VI’s court • Gave concerts in Europe, produced opera, lived w/French soprano • A master of melody and novelties in the basic forms of his day
- 14. Antonio Vivaldi Other Compositions • Almost 350 solo concertos (most for violin) and 45 double concertos (about half for 2 violins) • Concerto for Mandolin in C Major – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-utT-BD0obk
- 15. • Group of four violin concertos • Each concerto accompanied by a poem • Music depicts specific lines of the poem –No. 1: Spring (La primavera) –No. 2: Summer (L’estate) –No. 3: Autumn (L’autunno) –No. 4: Winter (L’inverno) Vivaldi: The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni) (Listening Guide)
- 16. Antonio Vivaldi The Four Seasons “Spring” • Concerto--an instrumental work for a soloist (or group of soloists) and a larger ensemble • “Spring”--for solo violin, an orchestra of string instruments, and basso continuo • “Spring”--the first of 4 concertos • Consists of 3 movements--fast-slow-fast. • This selection is the first movement.
- 17. Vivaldi: The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni) (Listening Guide) Spring (La primavera) Solo violin, string orchestra, continuo Three movements: I. Evokes animals and nature Ritornello form I. Largo in triple meter Imagery forms a sleeping goatherd’s poem Ostinato “dog bark” in violas I. Rustic dance, drone of bagpipes
- 18. La Primavera, Movement 1 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKQoeUr1lGw
- 20. Other Examples of Baroque Concerti Grossi • Arcangelo Corelli – All his concertos were for 2 violins and basso continuo plus orchestra • George Frideric Handel – Concerto Grosso in B-Flat Major--for 2 recorders, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, violin, and strings
- 21. Johann Pachelbel • Nuremburg, Germany • Taught Bach’s teacher • Canon in D – Composed 1689, rediscovered – Used quite often today – Ground bass of 8 notes, all equal length – Melodic variation played over bass 27 times – 3 instrumental parts, following each other after 8 beats in imitation – Originally for 3 violins & continuo
- 22. Kanon in D • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvNQLJ1_HQ
- 23. by Kristine Forney Andrew Dell’Antonio Joseph Machlis Lecture Slides THIRD EDITION THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC ESSENTIAL LISTENING EDITION http://wwnorton.com/web/enjoyess2
Notas do Editor
- ■ Baroque musicians developed the concerto, a genre that generally featured either a solo instrument or a small group of soloists set against a larger ensemble. ■ First and last movements of concertos tended to follow a refrain-based structure known as ritornello form. ■ Antonio Vivaldi, a virtuoso violinist, composed The Four Seasons, a well-loved set of solo violin concertos that exemplify program music.
- Contrast and unity were basic elements of Baroque music. A concerto ( from the Latin concertare—“to contend with”) is an instrumental form based on the opposition of two different forces or groups of instruments. Artwork: Concert in a Girls’ School by Francesco Guardi (1712–1793) depicts a Venetian concert by an orchestra of women
- Baroque composers wrote two types of concerti: the solo concerto, which sets one instrument against the orchestra, and the concerto grosso, which features a small group of soloists set against orchestra. The small group was known as the concertino; the large group was called the ripieno, or tutti. Musical examples: Vivaldi: Concerto for Piccolo in C, I [link to excerpt] Handel: Concerto Grosso in G, II [link to excerpt]
- Follow the listening guide to Vivaldi: The Four Seasons, (Le quattro stagioni), first movement—“Spring.” The Four Seasons is a group of four violin concertos. Each concerto is accompanied by a poem describing items associated with that particular season. Word painting is prevalent in this instrumental work, as the music depicts specific lines of the poem.
- Spring (La primavera) is a concerto grosso for solo violin with string orchestra and continuo, written in three movements: The first movement is Allegro, evoking bird song, murmuring streams, thunder, lightning, and is in ritornello form, which alternates new material with a refrain called the ritornello. The ritornello is played by the orchestra multiple times, in fragments and finally in its entirety at the close of the movement. The second movement is Largo in triple meter, evoking an image from the poem describing a sleeping goatherd. An ostinato depicting a dog bark is heard in violas; the third movement is a rustic dance, evoking the drone of bagpipes. First movement: Listen for a flashy solo violin line; fast-running scales and trills. The ritornello as a unifying theme alternates with contrasting episodes. This movement is written for solo violin with string orchestra and basso continuo. This particular recording provides an opportunity to experience the sound of Baroque-era string instruments. Musical expression includes the depiction of images from the poem, such as spring, birds, brook, gentle breezes, and a thunderstorm. The words to the sonnet, which serves as the inspiration for this particular work, are as follows: I. AllegroJoyful spring has arrived, the birds greet it with their cheerful song, and the brooks in the gentle breezes flow with a sweet murmur. The sky is covered with a black mantle, and thunder and lightning announce a storm. When they fall silent, the little birds take up again their melodious song. II. Largo And in the pleasant, flowery meadow, to the gentle murmur of bushes and trees, the goatherd sleeps, his faithful dog at his side. III. Allegro To the festive sounds of a rustic bagpipe (Rustic Dance) nymphs and shepherds dance in their favorite spot when spring appears in its brilliance.
- Listening Guide 11—Vivaldi: The Four Season