2. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Our current industries works only with
conventional energy sources like coal, oil, natural
gases or uranium
They produce several kinds of pollutions. If we do
not care, atmospheric pollution, climate change or
nuclear waste can endanger our living condition on
the earth.
After several years the limited energy source will
become exhausted, which will not guarantee our
energy supply in the future.
3. INTRODUCTION OF BIOMASS
Biomass is a fuel developed from organic material.
It is a renewable source of energy which is used to
produce electricity or other forms of energy.
Biomass can be chemically or biochemically
treated to convert it in to fuel.
Biomass is the plant material derived from the
reaction between CO2 in the air, water and
sunlight via photosynthesis.
4. WHY BIOMASS?
NON-AVAILABILITY OF CONVENTIONAL
SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
SUITABLE FOR DE-CENTRALISED APPLICATIONS
LOW MAINTENANCE
FUEL FLEXIBILITY
HIGH EFFICIENCY
5.
6.
7. CONVERSION TO POWER
Direct combustion, or burning the fuel to create
steam, which runs a turbine to create electrical power
Direct combustion is inefficient and creates
unacceptable levels of pollution if it is not carefully
controlled
Gasification, a process which converts biomass into
gaseous form
Uses syngas is potentially more efficient than direct
combustion
8. Biomass in India
In India most biomass power plants are either running
at low capacities or shut down.
To produce 1 MW power plant requires 8000 to 10000
tons of feedstock.
There is a severe competition between industries and
biomass plants.
Industries are paying very high price for biomass
feedstock, which can be used as alternative for oils or
fuels.
9. continued
This lead to hike of biomass prices from 800 to 5500/
ton.
Biomass power plants cannot buy biomass at these
rates.
To overcome these problems we have cultivate own
biomass such as fast growing trees or grasses
10. ACCEPTABLE FEEDSTOCK
Branches & twigs
Maize cobs
Appropriate briquettes of various agricultural
residues
Stalks of cotton, twinges etc.
Coconut shells
Briquettes of tamarind husk
Certain industrial wastes of paper mills, plywood
industry etc.
11. BIOMASS AND CARBON
EMMISIONS
Biomass emits carbon dioxide when it naturally
decays and when it is used as an energy source.
Plants and trees absorbs carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Biomass causes a closed cycle with no net
emissions of greenhouse gases
12. Power production
Biomass power production in India are mostly based
on agriculture wastes.
Biomass in India is estimated at about 540 million tons
per year.
By this it possible to produce 16000 MW power.
In addition to this 5000 MW power could be generated
from sugar mill residues.
Power production could be cheaper than coal if
biomass is sourced economically.
13. ADVANTAGES
Renewable resource
Reduces acid rain and smog
Capital cost and fuel cost are lower
No toxic residues and global harming emission
gases
Low maintenance and better employment
opportunities in rural area
Improvement of standard of living of villagers
14. DISADVANTAGES
Cost of construction of Biomass plant is high
Crops which are used to produce Biomass energy
are seasonal and are not available throughout the
year
Transportation of Biogas through pipe over long
distance is difficult
Biomass requires space and produces dirty smell
Due to improper construction many biomass
plants are working inefficiently
15. APPLICATIONS
Village electrification
Industries – captive power generation - power
generation based on Biomass gasifiers (captive &
power plants stand alone/ grid connected).
Irrigation water pumping - (small scale gasifier power
generating sets of 40 mw)
Powering agricultural implements , Village water
supply , Boilers
Institutional cooking and other thermal applications
16. CONCLUSION
Biomass is the 6th largest resource. It should
properly utilized to convert into other forms of
energy. The other reason to move to biomass or
other renewable energy is to reduce the pollution
which is caused from conventional sources of
energy.