1. Acids, Bases
and the pH scale

2. Vocab you need to know
Solution: A uniform mixture that
contains a solvent and at least one
solute. (Example: Sugar Water)
 (hint- if you can see through it and it all looks the
same it’s probably a solution)
Solvent: the part of a solution that has
the most quantity.
In sugar water, this would be the water
Solute: the substance that is present in
a solution in a smaller amount.
In sugar water, this would be the sugar

3. More Vocab…
Colloid: a mixture that contains
small, undissolved particles that do
not settle out.
A colloid contains larger particles
than a solution but they are still too
small to see.
EXAMPLE: Milk (fats, proteins, water)
hint: if you cannot see through it and
it all looks the same, it’s probably a
colloid)

4. More…
Suspensions: a mixture where
particles can be easily seen and
can be separated by settling or
filtration.
EXAMPLE: A snow globe (you can see
through it, but you can also see
specific particles that are part of the
mixture.)

5. Saturated vs. Unsaturated
When you have added so much
solute to a solution that no more
can dissolve, then you have a
saturated solution.
When you can still add more
solute and it continues to dissolve
into the solution, then you have a
unsaturated solution.

6. Acids
An Acid is a chemical compound,
that, when dissolved in water has
a pH of less than 7.
Acids taste sour, react with metals
and carbonates and will turn blue
litmus paper red.
Acids are corrosive- they eat away
at other materials.

7. Bases
Bases are chemical compounds
that, when dissolved in water,
have a pH of above 7.
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery
and turn red litmus paper blue.
Bases are corrosive- they eat
away materials.

8. Uses for Acids:
Acids are naturally in many of the
foods we eat :Tomatoes, lemons,
oranges, and even leafy green
veggies!
Acids are also used in many
fertilizers.
Acids can also be found in
batteries

9. Uses for Bases
Cement is made using bases
Many cleaning solutions used in
the home are bases (drain cleaner,
glass cleaner, bleach, soap)
Bases can also be found in baked
goods such as breads, cakes, and
cookies!

10. The pH scale!!!!
The pH scale is a range of values
from 0-14 that express the
concentration of hydrogen ions in
a solution.
The more hydrogen ions, the lower
the number on the pH scale.

11. Acids & Bases on the
pH scale
Acids range from 0-6.9
Acids have the most amount of
hydrogen ions.
Bases range from 7.1-14
Bases have the least amount of
hydrogen ions.
7 on the scale is neutral (neither)

13. Neutralizing Acids & Bases
The reaction between acids and
bases is a called neutralization.
The neutralization of acids and
bases depends on the identities,
volumes and concentrations of the
reactants.
Salts will typically form as a result of
acids and bases neutralizing.