Environmental issues

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Environmental Issues
Mr. R. Estrella
Contact Info: mrestrella@outlook.com

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• If children are
exposed to
carcinogens (things
that cause cancer)
they are more likely to
develop cancer later
in life than adults.
• Elderly are also more
susceptible because
of their weaker
immune systems.
Viruses, radiation, chemicals and asbestos can
cause mutations in human cells’ DNA.
On your notes - copy the three
leading environmental causes of
Cancer (Health Review)
Smoking

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Cancer (Health Review)
Cancer: Cells grow out of control killing the healthy
ones and eventually the affected organ stops
working thereby causing death. Cancer
development

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Water Pollution: harmful or objectionable material in
the amount to measurably degrade water quality.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Contamination of fresh water: the use of pesticides,
fertilizers, chemical spills, landfills, septic tanks, etc. affect
rivers, lakes, underground water and reservoirs.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Over two-thirds (66%) of
U.S. estuaries and bays are
severely degraded because
of fertilizer runoff.
• 40% of America’s rivers are
too polluted for fishing,
swimming or aquatic life.
The lakes are even worse --
over 46%. bay
Estuary 

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 25% of U.S.
beaches are closed
at least once a
year because of
pollution.
• Americans use
over 2.2 billion
pounds of
pesticides every
year, which wash
into our rivers and
lakes.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
 Over 73 pesticides have been found in U.S. groundwater
that ends up in our drinking water, unless it is adequately
filtered. (look at your drinking water’s company report)
http://www.clar
emontnh.com/
uploads/DPW/2
016%20CCR%20
revised%201-8-
16.pdf

Mr. R.G. Estrella
https://www.ladwp.com
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) The
highest level of a contaminant that is allowed
in drinking water.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) The level of contaminant in drinking water below
which there is no known or expected risk to health. Maximum contaminant level goals are set
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
Public Health Goal (PHG)

Mr. R.G. Estrellahttp://www.gswater.com/claremontccr/
https://www.ladwp.com

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Septic systems: Where raw sewage is kept in some homes.
Often leak, causing waste materials to flow into streams,
rivers, and lakes.
Septic Tank

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Every 20 seconds, a child dies from water-related disease
around the world.
• Asian rivers are considered the most polluted in the world.
They have three times as many bacteria from human waste
as the global average
• The Mississippi River is the second most polluted
waterways in the United States, the Ohio River being the
first. – from outwardon.com

Mr. R.G. Estrella
5-minute daily shower
most Americans use more
water during a shower,
than a typical person in a
developing country uses in
a whole day.
1000 gallons
wasted per
person each
month!

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Ex. Flow Rate
= 2.5 Gallons
Per Minute x
5 minutes =
12 ½ gallons
used.
Look for
this logo
10 minute shower
conserve water at
home
Water Conservation -The
Home Depot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqqbUSvd06shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MDLpVHY8LE

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Carcinogen:
2. Explain how cancer is related to death.
3. Explain how fertilizers affect plants/algae.
4. How are bays & estuaries alike? How are they
different?
5. How can a septic tank be related to water pollution?
6. Identify the top three environmental carcinogens.
7. What facts would you use to get California voters to
approve a law that would use taxes to clean
California rivers and lakes?
HW: Sketch an ad to educate Americans to not go over
a 5 minute shower. – full page white paper, color for
extra credit

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Do you think the government should regulate what
companies do with their waste? Why or why not?

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Eutrophication
1. algae biomass builds up
(usually due to nitrates or
phosphates).
2. clumps sink
3. feed bacterial growth
4. Bacteria consume
oxygen
5. not enough O2 for many
creatures.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
 The Mississippi River carries an estimated 1.5 million metric
tons of nitrogen (fertilizer) into the Gulf of Mexico every year.
Resulting pollution is the cause of a coastal dead zone the size
of Massachusetts every summer.
HW:
NATL GEOG SICK FISH
Use Graphic
Organizer
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=0JnK
kit5ocI
Eutrophication
- Sick Fish

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Eutrophication Review
1. What is an algae bloom and what
causes it to grow?
2. What happens to the algae when
it dies?
3. What is the connection between
the picture of the dead fish and
farmers?
4. Should the government regulate
farmers runoff? Use information
from the lecture and from the
article to support your argument.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Exxon Valdez: oil tanker oil spill - 1989

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Oil Pollution: the release of
petroleum into the environment,
especially marine areas.
Deep Water Horizon – 2010 off
Louisiana a BP (British Petroleum)
oil rig exploded in the Gulf of
Mexico. The largest accidental
marine oil spill in history. Oil flowed
for 87 days, until it was capped on
July-15 2010. Estimate: 4.9 million
barrels.
BP Oil Spill Effect
on Wildlife
BP Oil
Disaster -60
Minutes
Deepwater Horizon
Trailer 2016

Mr. R.G. Estrella
USCG BP SPILL

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Quiz will contain water pollution and cancer
BP Spill PARODY

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. How are pesticides and fertilizers in drinking water
related to farming?
2. Explain the dangers of polluted water to humans.
Cite lecture material, articles or videos to support
your answer. (1 paragraph)
3. Give a synopsis of what occurred with the Deep
Water Horizon oil rig. (1 paragraph)
4. You go to a restaurant and you realize some of the
seafood your parents want to order comes from the
Gulf of Mexico. You warn them not to eat those
items. Cite three things you learned from this section
as evidence to support your stance. (1-2 paragraphs)
– 3x

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Soil Pollution: contamination of soil in
concentrations to be of risk to human health
and/or ecosystems.
• Cancers, like leukemia – through soils
contaminated with chemicals (e.g.,
gasoline, or other petroleum products
containing benzene)
• Nervous system (brain) damage –
especially Pb (lead) in soil.
• Kidney, liver and brain damage – ex. Hg
(mercury).

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Directly – inhalation of soil dust or soil particles, as well
as through skin contact
• Indirectly - consumption of food (e.g., vegetables) grown
on contaminated soil or by inhaling toxic vapors of volatile
chemicals polluting the soil

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Dioxins are highly
toxic and can
cause
reproductive and
developmental
problems,
damage the
immune system,
interfere with
hormones and
also cause cancer.
The Love Canal -
Retro Report

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Define soil pollution
2. List two soil contaminants (chemicals) and describe their
effects on human health.
3. How are pesticides and fertilizers alike and different?
4. Elaborate on the reason why the government may not
allow homes to be built on top of old landfills. Cite
evidence. (x2)
5. Predict what might happen if a gas station’s tank is
leaking gasoline into the ground?
6. A home-owner has a vegetable garden on her property.
Elaborate on the benefits of growing your own
vegetables and fruits.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Dump - an open hole in the ground where trash is buried.
• Landfill - built into or on the ground in which trash is
isolated using a bottom liner (plastic) and daily covering
of soil. -The purpose is to bury the trash so it will be
isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not
be in contact with air.
Lunch to landfill
Landfill -Field Trip

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Hazardous waste poses substantial or
potential threats to public health or the
environment. Ex. May cause cancers &
organ damage.
Household Hazardous Waste includes:
1. Paints and solvents
2. Automotive wastes (used motor oil,
antifreeze, car batteries, etc.)
3. Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides,
fungicides, etc.)
4. Mercury - (thermometers, switches,
fluorescent lighting, etc.)

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Household Hazardous Waste
(continued):
5. E-Waste: Electronics (computers,
televisions, cell phones)
6. Aerosols / Propane cylinders
7. Caustics / Cleaning agents
8. Refrigerant-containing appliances
9. Batteries (e.g. lithium, nickel cadmium,
or button cell batteries)
10. Ammunition
11. Radioactive waste (some home
smoke detectors are classified as
radioactive waste because they contain
very small amounts of a radioactivity.
Best Buy Recycling
Household Hazardous
Disposal PSA
Hazardous Waste PSA

Mr. R.G. Estrella
LA County Waste Residents Website:
http://www.lacsd.org/residents/default.asp
LA County Haz Waste Collection
www.calrecycle.ca.gov
http://dpw.lacounty.gov/epd/cleanla/

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Quiz will cover sections 2-3 on Soil Contamination &
Waste

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Explain how to find a household
haz. Waste drop off site near you.
2. How are Landfills and dumps alike
and how do they differ?
3. Predict the outcome of throwing E-
Waste in the trash cans. –include
the word “leach”
4. How can you apply what you
learned about household haz.
waste at home? (give 3 ex.) x2pts.
5. Your friend is throwing a can of oil
in the trash can, explain to him/her
the sequence of how the oil may
end up in our drinking water.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Explicar cómo encontrar un hogar haz.
Dejar residuos sitio cerca de usted.
2. ¿Cómo son los rellenos sanitarios y
vertederos iguales y cómo se
diferencian?
3. Predecir el resultado de lanzar
desechos electrónicos en los
basureros. – incluir la palabra "leach"
4. Cómo puede aplicar lo que has
aprendido sobre haz hogar. ¿residuos
en el hogar? (dar 3 ex.) x2pts.
5. Tu amigo está lanzando una lata de
aceite en el bote de basura, explican a
él/ella la secuencia de cómo el aceite
puede terminar en nuestra agua
potable.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Air pollution: harmful to the health or comfort of
humans and animals, or which could cause damage to
plants and materials.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
World Health Organization
(WHO)
Hazardous Particulates Scale
•Ranges from 0-500
•Los Angeles is about ?
•China came in at
airnow.gov
Particulates: very small
particles, such as smog.
700!!!

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Case Study – Beijing 2013
http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/29/worl
d/asia/china-beijing-smog/
Smog -What is an Inversion
Inversion Layer: cool air is
trapped below the warm.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted
through human activities. It is naturally present in the
atmosphere. Human activities are altering the carbon
cycle—by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere and by
reducing natural sinks, like forests, to remove CO2 from the
atmosphere.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
 Burning fossil fuels for
 Electricity: 32% -Most of our electricity comes from
burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and natural gas.
 Transportation: 28% cars, trucks, ships, trains and planes.
Most are fossil fuels, gasoline or diesel fuel.
 Industry: 20%
Electricity -How It's Produced -
For Kids
Electricity Using Coal

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Imagine you have a family member that easily gets
asthma attacks. It has been smoggy lately and your
family wants to know if it is safe for him/her to go
play basketball outside today. Explain how you find
out and what exactly you are looking for?
2. Explain to a tourist visiting Los Angeles what a warm
air inversion is, and how it makes L.A. smoggy.
3. Predict the outcome of continuing to use fossil fuels
for our energy. –additionally, describe the role of
CO2 “natural sinks” in your prediction.
4. How can you apply what you learned about smog to
help reduce it in Los Angeles?
5. Explain to a friend how a lot of electricity around the
world is made using coal. Include the terms – coal,
water, turbines and steam. Use a diagram and label
the terms you must use.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Ozone layer protects humans from
ultraviolet radiation that increases the risk
of skin cancer and certain eye diseases.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Most common ozone depletion
chemicals:
• CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons
banned in U.S.
• Methylhalides, carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4), carbon tetrafluoride (CF4).
• Halons contain bromine, which also
destroys ozone in the stratosphere.
Halons are used primarily in fire
extinguishers.
• Methyl bromide has been used as a
pesticide.
Ozzy Ozone

Mr. R.G. Estrella
NOx: Nitrogen Oxides
VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds
Volatile: means it easily evaporates or
changes into a gas.
Breathing ground
level ozone can
trigger chest
pain, coughing,
throat irritation,
and congestion

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas. You can’t
see or smell it. Sticks to surfaces, such as dust particles in
the air. If contaminated dust is inhaled, these particles can
stick to lungs and increase the risk of lung cancer.
• Radon is the number one cause of lung cancer among
non-smokers, according to EPA.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
_lgx3jO2HYI
Radon in 60 Seconds
$200 $10

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Acid Rain is harmful to plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure
(paint peels, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges and
erosion of statues).
Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide react with water in
the atmosphere to produce acids. Factories, motor vehicles and
electrical power complexes utilizing coal are among the greatest
contributors.

Mr. R.G. EstrellaAcid Rain - Awareness

Mr. R.G. Estrella
China Air Pollution
China Celebrates Status
As Number One Polluter

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Quiz will cover the Air Pollution section

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Predict what could happen if someone has been living in a house
that has radon under it for 20 years. Include the word “particulates,
carcinogen” in your answer.
2. A friend of yours is arguing that it’s a good thing that car exhaust
makes ozone because it adds it to the ozone layer that protects us
from UV radiation. UV radiation causes skin cancer. Explain why
you agree or disagree. (x2pts.).
3. List two things that are destroying the ozone layer and describe two
ways you can apply what you’ve learned to your home to help
lessen the destruction of the ozone layer.
4. Write a simple formula to get acid rain. For example
(light+water+CO2 = sugar +O2). Which chemical does acid rain and
ground level ozone production have in common?
5. What are a couple of things that can get damaged by acid rain?
6. How may electricity and cars be related to fish dying in a lake?

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Is the amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon
compounds emitted into the atmosphere by the
activities of an individual, company or country.
Section 5: Carbon footprint REVIEW

Mr. R.G. Estrella
How to reduce your carbon
footprint:
1. Walking
2. Biking
3. Using public transportation
4. Carpool
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
5. Eating Less Meat = Fewer Cows
One dairy 0f 10,000 cows gives off 3,575 pounds of
ammonia, 33,092 pounds of methane which traps heat
and contributes to global warming. Also make 409 pounds
of nitrous oxide (NOx) per day which contributes to acid
rain. The pesticides, fertilizers, fuel, and water needed to
produce the feed for all those cows and pigs also are bad
for the envionment.
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Negative Health
consequences of Eating
Meat: particularly red
meat and processed meats
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
6. Buy at Farmers Market -
Shipping things from far away
using trucks, trains, planes and
ships release a lot of carbon
dioxide and other pollutants.
Try and check out a farmers
market instead!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=tTdw-HzKAuo
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
7. Full laundry machine and use
the setting which uses the least
amount of water.
8. Full dish washer
9. Don’t leave the refrigerator
door open long.
10. Five minute showers –
water has to be heated causing
CO2 to go up.
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon footprint
11. Grow vegetables and
fruits, even if you still need
to buy some. – Plus you’ll
have control over
pesticides and any other
harmful chemicals.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
12. Reduce electricity use at home.
• Turn off lights
• Install motion sensor lights
switches.
• Use LED bulbs last up to 10 times as
long as compact fluorescents. No
mercury is used. Although LEDs are
initially expensive, the cost is
recouped over time.
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon footprint
13. Use Energy Star - it means the appliance uses energy
more efficiently.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
14. Unplug things like your
TV, cell phone charger,
computer, DVD player, or
anything else that has a
transformer (a black box)
around the plug or on the
cord. This can save energy
since they use a bit of
power even when you
switch them “off.”
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
15. Recycle, reduce & reuse
– Blue: paper, cans, plastic
– Black: trash
– Green: grass, leaves, plants
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon footprint
Things you can
recycle
Recycled
Paper
Recycling
Plastic Bottles

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Cannot recycle
• Pizza Boxes:
because of oils
• Wet Paper
• Plastic Bottle Caps
• Juice boxes
• Plastic bags
• Styrofoam
• Wire Hangars
• Paper napkins or
paper towels
• Ceramics
• Heavily-dyed paper
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
16. Reduce Water Bottles –
uses a lot of energy to make
the bottles. Use reusable
water canisters.
For health reasons, remember
to use BPA-free bottles.
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
17. Electric Cars –
• Nothing beats an electric car
charged by renewable energy
sources. Homeowners with rooftop
solar panels can literally drive on
sunshine. Electric car buyers also
get generous subsidies.
• Drawbacks. All but the Tesla have
ranges under 100 miles. They can
take hours to charge. They are
generally more expensive than a
similar gasoline vehicle.
Carbon footprint Tesla Roadster
Tesla
Nissan Leaf

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Hybrids – run on electricity and gas at
different times during the drive. Cost
more than regular cars. The payback
period on gas savings can take long.
Still, hybrids are a great choice for
those who drive many miles. A
compact hybrid generates about half
the carbon dioxide of the amount
generated by a conventional gasoline
car.
• Plug-in hybrids run on electricity until
their batteries are drained and then
switch to gasoline.
• The Volt costs just $6.83 in power and
fuel will take you 100 miles.
Carbon footprint
2016 Toyota Prius
Subaru Crosstrek
2016 Chevrolet Volt

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• What you can do about climate change
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTfgNFz1DBM
Carbon footprint

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Before the Flood
Carbon footprint
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=2q7V460XZfE
Worksheet has
two sides to it

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Quiz following the review

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Title: 20 MC – Environ. Issues
Create 20 MC on water issues.
Water Pollution – 5
Soil Pollution – 5
Waste – 5
Air Pollution - 5
– 3 answers to choose from, circle the
correct letter.
– No true/false or yes/no answers
– No ridiculous questions or answers.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon Footprint Review
1. Elaborate what a Carbon Footprint is?
2. Elaborate on how Greenhouse Gases are linked to heating up
the Earth’s temperatures.
3. How are hybrids and electric cars similar and how are they
different?
4. List and describe three things a family can do at home to help
reduce pollution and GHGs.
5. List and describe two things our school could improve to help
reduce pollution and GHGs.
6. List three items that cannot be recycled.
7. Describe what the three different colors in recycling mean.
8. How are local farmer markets related to less pollution and
lower Greenhouse Gases?

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Carbon Footprint Review
1. ¿Elaborar lo que es una huella de carbono?
2. Elaborar en cómo están conectados los Gases de efecto
invernadero para calentar a las temperaturas de la tierra.
3. ¿Cómo son híbridos y coches eléctricos similares y cómo se
diferencian?
4. Enumerar y describir tres cosas que una familia puede hacer
en casa para ayudar a reducir la contaminación y GEI.
5. lista y describir dos cosas que podría mejorar nuestra escuela
para ayudar a reducir la contaminación y GEI.
6. tres elementos que no pueden ser reciclados.
7. Describir lo que los tres colores diferentes en medio de
reciclaje.
8. ¿Qué agricultor local comercializa Gases de efecto
invernadero relacionados con menos contaminación y menor?

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Renewable Energy:
energy from a source
that is not depleted
when used, such as
wind or solar power.
1. Solar Energy: The
sun is our most
powerful source of
energy. Sunlight can
be used for heating,
cooling homes and
buildings, generating
electricity and heating
water.
Section-6: Renewable Energy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. Photovoltaic Array
2. Inverter 3. Breaker
Solar Energy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
2. Wind: Wind is captured by wind blades and spins the
turbines to generate electricity
Wind Turbines

Mr. R.G. Estrella
3. Hydroelectricity: or hydropower, is electricity generated
through the use of flowing water. It is the most widely used
form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of
global electricity.
Hydro: water
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
History of Hoover
Dam

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Benefits of Dams:
 Allow for the creation of electricity.
 Allow for the storage of large amounts of
drinking water.
 Allow for rivers to become navigable.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Dams Also Damage The Environment
1. Dams stop the movement of fish and other species. Ex. Salmon

Mr. R.G. Estrella
2. Change from river habitat to pond or lake.
3. Degrade water quality.
Dams Also Damage The Environment

Mr. R.G. Estrella
4. Affect downstream
users.
5. May be dangerous
if they fail.
Dams Also Damage The
Environment

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Concerns Regarding Dams
1. List the five concerns regarding dams
and for each one, explain what the
negative consequences are.
2. List and define three new words you
learned in this section.
3. Explain how electricity is created using
dams.
4. What does energy made from coal,
wind and water dams all have in
common? (besides making electricity)

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Nuclear energy is the use of exothermic nuclear
processes, to generate electricity. Provided about
13% of the world's electricity in 2012
Reactor: where the fuel rods go.
Fuel rods contain Uranium atoms.
Section-7: Nuclear Energy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Step-1: Neutrons are shot at uranium-235
atoms, the uranium atom splits apart.
After it splits, it gives off three neutrons
and a lot of energy. Those neutrons hit
three other U atoms and continues. Each
cycle, the reaction gets three times bigger.
A reaction that, once started, continues by
itself, is called a chain reaction.
Control rods are used to slow down the
reaction if it gets too large.
Water is also used to help cool down
reaction.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Step-2: The energy created heats the water converting it
into steam.
Step-3: Steam spins the turbine.
Step-4: Turbine spins the generator to produce electricity.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UwexvaCMWA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfIbBDR3e8
How They Work

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Safety
In 1986 the world’s worst
nuclear disaster occurred -
Chernobyl, the human and
environmental
consequences are still being
suffered internationally.
Nuclear power is inherently
dangerous and scientists
agree that another
catastrophe on the scale of
Chernobyl could still
happen any time,
anywhere.
Concerns Regarding Nuclear Energy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
In 2013, the IAEA (The International Atomic Energy
Agency) reported that there were 437 operational
nuclear power reactors in 31 countries.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Safety -- Chernobyl, Soviet Union (now Ukraine)
Fukushima, Japan
Chernobyl How It
Happened -
Animated
Chernobyl
Disaster
Fukushima -60
Minutes
Chernobyl GP

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Radioactive waste
The government plans to bury it deep underground - out
of sight, out of mind, for now at least. But no one can
guarantee that this highly radioactive waste won't leak
back into the environment, contaminating water supplies
and the food chain.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Terrorism
A terrorist strike directly onto a nuclear
power station.
Tons of radioactive waste are
transported around by road, rail and sea.
Every week, communities up and down
the country are put at risk from potential
radioactive contamination as these
trains travel through cities and towns.
There are no police or security personnel
on board. If a nuclear waste train was
involved in a terrorist attack, tens of
thousands of people could be exposed to
cancer causing radiation and whole
regions might have to be evacuated.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Reprocessing and nuclear proliferation
Nuclear waste is taken from wherever it is produced. During
reprocessing, plutonium is separated from other wastes.
Plutonium can be used to make nuclear bombs. If stolen, it
can end up in the hands of those who wish to harm us.
Radioactive Waste can also be used to make a dirty bomb.
This is a bomb that uses conventional explosives with
radioactive waste to spread radiation on people, such as in a
city..

Mr. R.G. Estrella
NEWS REPORT
• Great News! -- In the summer of 2016, the power
company decided to shut down the last nuclear
power plant in California “Diablo Canyon Power
Plant” near San Luis Obispo. 

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. List the two concerns regarding
nuclear power plants and explain
them
2. List and define three new words you
learned in this section.
3. Explain how electricity is created
using nuclear energy. Use these
words; neutrons, uranium, turbine,
generator, steam, fuel rods, control
rods & water.
4. What are your thoughts about
nuclear energy?
Nuclear Energy Review

Mr. R.G. Estrella
HW/CW - Title: 10 MC – Energy
– 3 answers to choose from, circle
the correct letter.
– No true/false or yes/no answers
– No ridiculous questions or
answers.
Sections 6-7 Renewable & Nuclear Energy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Light pollution on human health
and behavior is just beginning to
be understood, however artificial
light appears to be affecting
human hormones. - Melatonin
Section 8 Light Pollution

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Also affects wildlife, such
as sea turtles and
migrating birds. Most
birds migrate at night
and sea turtle hatchlings
follow the moon light on
the water.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• One way to reduce it is to aim night lights down
where we need it most.
• Remove or turn off unnecessary outdoor lights.
• Flagstaff AZ. One of the first to regulate lights
LIGHT
POLLUTION
Article

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Light Pollution Review
1. What is light pollution a result of?
2. How does artificial light impact animal and plant
life? Give examples.
3. What city was one of the first to impose
regulations on light pollution?
4. When did it set these regulations?
5. Identify one example of how light pollution
negatively impacts human life.
6. What is an organization in L.A. that you may
become a part of to help?
7. Sketch a light post on a street that would reduce
light pollution.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Noise Pollution: is the
disturbing or excessive
noise that may harm the
activity or balance of
human or animal life.
Noise is known to stress
wildlife and humans. The
source of most outdoor
noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines and
transportation systems,
motor vehicles, aircraft,
and trains.
Section 8 Noise Pollution

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Noise pollution –
everyone needs daily
quiet time.
Health Consequences:
• high blood pressure
• coronary disease
• hearing loss
• sleep disruption
Stream Sounds & Birds
New York City
Desert Wind

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Noise Pollution Review
1. What is noise pollution a result of?
2. How is noise related to human health? Give
examples.
3. How would you adapt if you live in a city to noise?
In other words, what can you do to help minimize
the impact of city noise?
4. Do you think loud noises affect you? What are
three annoying sounds you hear on a regular
basis?
5. What facts would you use to discuss with the city
council the need for quiet parks in Los Angeles?

Mr. R.G. Estrella
KEY CONCEPT - As the
human population grows,
the demand for Earth’s
resources increases.
Section 9: Population Growth

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Earth’s human carrying capacity is believed to be under
10 billion due to food limitations.
• Population is now over 7 billion!
Population Clock
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
PHOTOGRAPH BY RANDY OLSON, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Population growth is the
root cause of most
environmental and social
problems
• Over 1 billion people do not
have enough food and safe
drinking water.
• Global warming is
disrupting our ecosystems
• Energy sources, from wood
to oil, are becoming scarcer
and harder to reach or
extract.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• U.S. population is increasing due to birth rates and immigration.
• More than 7 billion people currently inhabit the planet, compared
to only 3 billion in 1967.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• In the U.S. alone, sprawl
destroys 2.2 million acres
of farmland, ranchland and
forest every year.
• Americans spend an
average of 55 workdays
(2200 hours) per year stuck
in traffic.
• Studies show that high-
density populations add
stress to people and
contribute to mental
illness.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Open space
such as city
parks, state
parks and
national parks
are needed for
people to rest
their minds.
• When you get
home after
work.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Open Space - To get away and reduce their stress.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Get away from the city and
rest your mind

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Get away from the city and rest your mind
– camping without loud music

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Get away from the city and rest your mind – outdoor
activities

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Jan. 2017
1. China: 1.4 billion
2. India: 1.3 billion
3. U.S. 325 million
4. Indonesia: 262 million
5. Brazil: 210 million
• #10 Mexico: 129 million

Mr. R.G. Estrella
The U.S. population as of Jan. 2017 is 325
million people.

Mr. R.G. Estrella

Mr. R.G. Estrella
121 million

Mr. R.G. Estrella
 Brazil: 205 million
 Mexico: 129 million
 Colombia: 49 million
 Guatemala: 16 million
 Honduras: 9 million
 Nicaragua: 7 million
 El Salvador: 6.5 million
Sec.9 Population Growth

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Canada: 36 million

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Top 9 cities with the highest density of people
are all in India or the Philippines with Manila
having the highest density.
1. Manila Philippines – 111,000 square / mile
2. Titagarh India – 99,000 sq/mi.
3. Baranagar India – 91,000 sq./mi.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Manila's Population

Mr. R.G. Estrella
India Rich vs- Poor
Titagarh India

Mr. R.G. Estrella
America's most dense
urbanized area is #1 Los
Angeles, with nearly 7,000
people per square mile.
#2 San Francisco, CA. was
number two, followed by
#3 San Jose, CA. The New
York area came in fifth.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
American cities larger than 1 million – New York City has
the highest density. – 27,000 / sq. mile
Los Angeles – 23,800 / sq. mile

Mr. R.G. Estrella
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN06
tLRE4WE
How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth?
Homework: watch the
video and use the graphic
organizer – hexagon.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
China had a one-child policy. If parents had
more than one, they could be fined and/or
pay for the additional costs of health-care and
education for their second child.
China One
Child Policy

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Quiz following the review
Sec.9 Population Growth Review

Mr. R.G. Estrella
1. What is the population of the Earth now?
2. What is the population in the U.S.?
3. What three countries are the most populous?
4. What three Latin-American countries are the most
populous?
5. How do you think China’s one child policy is
related to their current population size?
6. A friend argues that she wants six kids one day and
that as long as she can afford them, it really affects
no one else. What facts would you select for a
counter-argument? Use facts / statements from
this PowerPoint or articles you’ve read. 1-2
paragraphs.
Sec.9 Population Growth Review

Mr. R.G. Estrella
15 MC on Env. Issues
• 3 answers to choose from
• No true/false, no yes/no answers
• No ridiculous or silly questions or answers
• Circle the correct letter only, not the whole
answer.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 10. Consumerism and over-consumption and
their effect on the planet.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 6. Biological pollutants, including bacteria,
viruses, molds, mildew, dander, dust, mites,
pollen, ventilation and infection.
• 7. Wildlife Conservation: More than 40 percent of
Americans expressed concern about wildlife
conservation and associated environmental
issues, such as endangered species, animal and
plant extinction, coral bleaching, introduction of
invasive species, poaching, and loss of natural
animal habitats resulting in relocation and a break
in the food chain.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 11. Ecosystem destruction and associated
environmental concerns, such as aquaculture,
estuaries, shellfish protection, landscaping,
wetlands, and ecological restoration.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 13. Fishing and its effect on marine ecosystems,
blast fishing, cyanide fishing, bottom trawling,
whaling, and over-fishing.
• 14. Food safety concerns and the effects of
hormones, antibiotics, preservatives, toxic
contamination, and lack of quality control on
health.
• 15. Genetic engineering, including concerns
about genetically modified foods and genetic
pollution.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 16. Intensive farming, irrigation, overgrazing,
monoculture, methane emissions, and the
damaging environmental effects of deforestation
for farming and cattle.
• 17. Land degradation and related problems, such
as desertification and soil and land pollution.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 18. Land use, urban sprawl, lack of free space, and
habitat destruction and fragmentation.
• 19. Logging, deforestation, clear-cutting,
destruction of wildlife habitats, and greenhouse
gas emissions that contribute to global warming.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 20. Mining and its role in global warming, acid
mine drainage, and soil and air pollution resulting
from toxic emissions and heavy metals.
• 21. Nanotechnology and the future effects of
nanopollution and nanotoxicology.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 27. Resource depletion, the need for newer,
cleaner energy sources, and exploitation of
natural resources.
• 28. Sustainable communities and issues such as
reducing reliance on fossil fuels, supporting local
farmers and merchants, encouraging green
practices and building, consideration of native
wildlife, and adoption of mass transportation and
cleaner methods of commuting.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 29. Toxins, including chlorofluorocarbons, heavy
metals, pesticides, herbicides, toxic waste, PCB,
DDT, bioaccumulation, endocrine disruptors,
asbestos, and poorly implemented hazardous
waste management.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Top 5 Public Concerns
• According to a series of Gallup polls conducted between 1997 and 2008,
Americans are most concerned about the following five environmental
issues:
• 1. Contamination of Drinking Water: Contamination of fresh water used
for household needs, including pollution of oceans, rivers, lakes, and
reservoirs, ranks top on the list of environmental concerns for many
Americans. More than half of respondents stated they worry about the
safety of their drinking water a great deal.
• 2. Water Pollution: General worry over water pollution and associated
environmental issues greatly concerns half of all Americans who
participated in the 2008 poll. Related issues include acid rain, ocean
dumping, urban runoff, oil spills, ocean acidification, and wastewater.
• 3. Soil Contamination: Soil erosion, soil conservation, soil salination, and
soil contamination by waste, pesticides, and lead worries 50 percent of
Americans.
• 4. Wildlife Conservation: More than 40 percent of Americans expressed
concern about wildlife conservation and associated environmental issues,
such as endangered species, animal and plant extinction, coral bleaching,
introduction of invasive species, poaching, and loss of natural animal
habitats resulting in relocation and a break in the food chain.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 5. Air pollution: Concerns over air pollution have remained
steady over the last decade, with more than 40 percent of
Americans worried about indoor and outdoor air quality, carbon
emissions, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, sulfur oxides,
volatile organic compounds, radon, refrigerants, and methane
emissions.
• Other Top Concerns (in Alphabetical Order)
• 6. Biological pollutants, including bacteria, viruses, molds,
mildew, dander, dust, mites, pollen, ventilation and infection.
• 7. Carbon footprint and the responsibility of individuals to
reduce their effect on the environment, including the use of
renewable energy sources (solar power, geothermal heat
pumps), recycling, and sustainable living.
• 8. Climate change and issues related to global warming, such as
the greenhouse effect, global dimming, and the gradual rise in
sea level.
• 9. Consumerism and over-consumption and their effect on the
planet.
• 10. Dams and the impact of dams on the environment.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 11. Ecosystem destruction and associated environmental
concerns, such as aquaculture, estuaries, shellfish
protection, landscaping, wetlands, and ecological
restoration.
• 12. Energy conservation issues, including renewable energy
for home and business, energy efficiency, and fossil fuel
depletion.
• 13. Fishing and its effect on marine ecosystems, blast
fishing, cyanide fishing, bottom trawling, whaling, and over-
fishing.
• 14. Food safety concerns and the effects of hormones,
antibiotics, preservatives, toxic contamination, and lack of
quality control on health.
• 15. Genetic engineering, including concerns about
genetically modified foods and genetic pollution.
• 16. Intensive farming, irrigation, overgrazing, monoculture,
methane emissions, and the damaging environmental
effects of deforestation for farming and cattle.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 17. Land degradation and related problems, such as
desertification and soil and land pollution.
• 18. Land use, urban sprawl, lack of free space, and
habitat destruction and fragmentation.
• 19. Logging, deforestation, clear-cutting, destruction
of wildlife habitats, and greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to global warming.
• 20. Mining and its role in global warming, acid mine
drainage, and soil and air pollution resulting from
toxic emissions and heavy metals.
• 21. Nanotechnology and the future effects of
nanopollution and nanotoxicology.
• 22. Natural disasters and their impact on all aspects
of the environment.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• 23. Nuclear issues, including the effects of nuclear fallout, nuclear
meltdown, radioactive waste, and the population's reliance on nuclear
power.
• 24. Other pollution issues, such as light pollution and noise pollution,
and their effects on human health and behavior.
• 25. Overpopulation concerns, such as continued building and burial.
• 26. Ozone depletion and damage to the Earth's ozone layer caused by
CFC.
• 27. Resource depletion, the need for newer, cleaner energy sources, and
exploitation of natural resources.
• 28. Sustainable communities and issues such as reducing reliance on
fossil fuels, supporting local farmers and merchants, encouraging green
practices and building, consideration of native wildlife, and adoption of
mass transportation and cleaner methods of commuting.
• 29. Toxins, including chlorofluorocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides,
herbicides, toxic waste, PCB, DDT, bioaccumulation, endocrine disruptors,
asbestos, and poorly implemented hazardous waste management.
• 30. Waste and associated environmental issues, such as litter, landfills,
recycling, incineration, marine debris, E-waste, and contamination of
water and soil caused by improper disposal and leaching toxins.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
• Turning Concern into Action
• Environmental protection and preservation of
the planet is the responsibility of every
individual and community on Earth. If you
share any of the above top 30 environmental
concerns, you must take action to reduce your
personal and household impact on the planet
and to educate other members of your
community on environmental issues.

Mr. R.G. Estrella
Video Links60 minutes Deep
Water Horizon

Mr. R.G. Estrella
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Environmental issues

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