DNA-APBio Ch 9

Genes Are Made of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transformed Bacteria Mouse injected w/bacteria Results Conclusions R strain does not cause pneumonia S strain does cause pneumonia Heat-killed S strain does not cause pneumonia Substance from heat-killed S strain can transform harmless R strain into deadly S strain

Genes Are Made of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Genes Are Made of DNA ,[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Is Composed of Four Nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Four Nucleotides of DNA DNA Thymine DNA Cytosine DNA Guanine DNA Adenine

DNA Is Composed of Four Nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Is a Double Helix ,[object Object]

DNA Is a Double Helix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Is a Double Helix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Please don’t admire Dr Watson… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

The Watson-Crick Model of DNA Structure Hydrogen bonds form between complementary bases Complementary base pairs hold the two DNA strands together DNA is a double helix of two nucleotide strands

Hydrogen Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Does DNA Encode Information? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Does DNA Encode Information? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Does DNA Encode Information? ,[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DNA Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],Parental DNA double helix New double helix with 1 old & 1 new strand Free Nucleotides

DNA Replication ,[object Object],Parental DNA double helix New double helix with 1 old & 1 new strand Free Nucleotides

DNA Replication ,[object Object]

The Semiconservative Replication Model One DNA double helix Duplicated Chromosome Chromosome Daughter chromosomes half old , half new Both strands of original DNA serve as templates Sister Chromatids

Replication Bubble Replication forks move in opposite directions Replication Forks Replication Bubble Parental Daughter DNA replication begins DNA replication progresses DNA replication completed

Replication Details (1) ,[object Object],Other replicated in short segments (to be joined later by ligase) Replication Fork P P P P S S S S C o n t i n u o u s S e g m e n t e d Unzipping

Replication Details (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Replication And Proofreading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mistakes Do Happen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Mutations ,[object Object],[object Object]

DNA-APBio Ch 9

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DNA-APBio Ch 9