This Presentation brings forth the Causes, Aftermaths and many other facts regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It also includes Albert Einstein's Letter. This was made for Educational Purpose.

1. Atomic Bombing ofAtomic Bombing of
Hiroshima AndHiroshima And
Nagasaki & Its AfterNagasaki & Its After
effect…effect…

2. • An atomic bomb, called Little Boy,
was dropped on Hiroshima on
August 6th
, 1945.
• More than half of the buildings in
the city were destroyed.
• It was estimated that about
70,000 people were killed
instantly.
• And by 1946, about 140,000 had
died due to injuries and radiation.
HIROSHIMA - Summary ofHIROSHIMA - Summary of
events..events..

3. Reasons for Bombing in
Hiroshima & Nagasaki…
• Many historians believe that a main
reason for the use of the bomb was
retaliation for the surprise and brutal
attack on Pearl Harbor.
• United states came with a new tactic
to force Japan to surrender – By
Potsdam Declaration.
• Potsdam DeclarationPotsdam Declaration
• Truman’s First attempt at negotiating
with Japan
• Called for Japan’s unconditional
surrender and an end to Militarism in
Japan.
• Issued on July 26.

4. Reasons for Bombing in
Hiroshima & Nagasaki…
(Cont.)
Harry Trauman
The U.S. President
• Japan refused the
Declaration.
• The USA did not want
to invade Japan.
• They reasoned that
using an Atomic-
bomb would deliver a
huge blow to Japan.
• This would save the
lives of hundreds of
thousands of
American troops.
Potsdam Declaration

5. Possible Target
Locations…• The target committee at Los
Alamos from May 10 – 11, 1945,
recommended Kyoto,
Hiroshima, Yokohama, and
arsenal at Kokura as possible
targets.
• The psychological effects on the
Japanese citizens were
important to the committee
members.
• The target location for the
detonation of the bomb should
be spectacular for international
recognition.
• Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura, and
Niigata.

6. The Manhattan
Project….• The research on atom bomb
was called Manhattan project
• Los Alamos National
Laboratory and Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory
were the two laboratories in
the United States where work
towards the design of nuclear
weapons have been
undertaken.
• The first nuclear test was
located near Alamogordo, New
Mexico, under code name
“Trinity” on July 16, 1945
TrinityNuclearTest

7. Fat Man and Little
Boy..

8. The Bomb Day…
• In the morning of the 6th
August
1945 plans of first atomic
mission were set.
• A B-29 Superfortress bomber
named the Enola Gay, under
colonel Paul Tibbits was chosen to
drop the first bomb on Hiroshima
• They left Tinian north field airbase
in the West Pacific.
• The six hour flight went exactly as
expected.
• The bomb was armed midway and
clear weather permitted for
accuracy.
Enola Gay with Its Crew

9. Atomic Bombers…
Special Mission 13, Primary target Hiroshima, 6 August 1945
Aircraft Pilot Call Sign Mission role
Straight Flush Major Claude R. Eatherly Dimples 85
Weather reconnaissance
(Hiroshima)
Jabit III Major John A. Wilson Dimples 71
Weather reconnaissance
(Kokura)
Full House Major Ralph R. Taylor Dimples 83
Weather reconnaissance
(Nagasaki)
Enola Gay Colonel Paul W. Tibbets Dimples 82 Weapon Delivery
The Great Artiste Major Charles W. Sweeney Dimples 89
Blast measurement
instrumentation
Necessary Evil
Captain. George W.
Marquardt
Dimples 91
Strike observation and
photography
Top Secret Captain Charles F. McKnight Dimples 72
Strike spare—did not
complete mission

10. ‘Little Boy’ before loading to B-29
bomber ‘Enola Gay’
• ‘Little boy’ was one of the first
kind of nuclear weapons that
the world had seen.
• ‘Little boy was a Gun-type
fission bomb or a non nuclear
explosive blasts a uranium
wedge down a gun barrel into a
uranium target causing the
fission reaction.
• Fission occurs when the
nucleus of an atom is split.
When it happens, gamma rays
are emitted. If fission occurs,
high amounts of energy in the
form of radiation are released.
More About Little
Boy…

11. The Bomb Day…
• At 8.15 am, the Bomb The
Bomb was fused and set to
explode about 2000 ft. above
the center of the town.
• It took 43 sec to reach its
designated altitude.
• It had a blast that was
equivalent to 13 kilotons of
TNT.
• The radius of total
destruction was about one
mile (1.6 km), with resulting
fires across 4.4 square miles
(11 km2
).
Mushroom cloud that appeared
after the atomic bomb was dropped

12. Hiroshima – Before the
Blast..
Detail from a U.S. Air Force map with pre-bombing circles radiating out
from ground zero, the site directly under the explosion

13. Hiroshima – After the
Blast..
Detail from a U.S. Air Force map with pre-bombing circles radiating out
from ground zero, the site directly under the explosion

14. Immediate Aftermath..
• According to most estimates the
bombing of Hiroshima killed
approximately 70,000 people due
to immediate effects of blast.
• Estimate of total deaths by the end
of 1945 “140,000” due to burns,
radiation and related diseases.
• Most deaths and injuries occurred
when people were trapped in their
burning houses or struck by
debris.
• Of the city’s 90,000 buildings,
60,000 were destroyed
• This left many survivors homeless

15. Pictures – Hiroshima After
Blast..
A bridge across the Ota river. Note where
roadway is burned and the ghostly shadow
imprints left where the surface was shielded
by cement pillars.
A View of ground zero in Hiroshima on
August 6, 1945

16. Pictures – Hiroshima After
Blast..
Smoke rising from the atomic explosion
above the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945
View from ground Zero..

17. Pictures – Hiroshima After
Blast..
A Human Body turned into
carbon..
The energy that was released from the
bomb caused severe burns and
scarring.

18. Photos – Hiroshima After
Blast..
Chart on %. of Death due to Atom
Bomb in Hiroshima..
A man with sickness due to Radiation

19. A victim who was about 6,500 feet from ground zero when the rays struck him
from the left. His cap was sufficient to protect the top of his head against flash burns.

20. Photos – Hiroshima After
Blast..
A atomic bomb Victim…
A atomic bomb Victim…

21. Bomb damage to Okita Iron Works

22. View of Hiroshima after blast

23. • Three days later on August 9, 1945, the
second atomic bomb named “Fat Man”
was dropped on Nagasaki.
• The Fat Man weapon, containing a core
of about 6.4 kilograms (14 lb.)
of plutonium, was dropped over the
city's industrial valley.
• It exploded 43 seconds later at 469
m(1,539 ft.) above the ground. This was
nearly 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of the
planned hypocenter.
• The resulting explosion had a blast yield
equivalent to 21 kilotons of TNT (88 TJ).
Next Target..

24. • Bockscar a B-29 bomber
Superfortress, flown by
Major Charles W. Sweeney
dropped the “Fat Man” on
August 9, 1945.
• Sometimes called Bock’s
car.
• The Bockscar did didn't
have enough fuel to return
to Tinian or Iwo Jima, so
Major Sweeney flew the
aircraft to Okinawa for an
emergency landing with
practically dry fuel tanks.
Next Target..
Bockscar With its crew

25. Immediate Aftermath..
• The death toll (of all related
deaths) was about 135,000.
• More than 40% of the city was
destroyed.
• 75.000 instantaneous deaths,
50,000 explosion injured.
• Total deaths by the end of 1945
may have reached 80,000.
• The radius of total destruction was
about 1 mile (1.6 km), followed by
fires across the northern portion of
the city to 2 miles (3.2 km) south
of the bomb.
Mushroom cloud from the
atomic explosion over
Nagasaki rising 60,000 feet
into the air

26. Nagasaki – Before And
After..
Nagasaki before the bombing.
Nagasaki after the bombing

27. Before After
Nagasaki – Before And
After..

28. Photos – Nagasaki After
Blast..
Devastated City After Blast

29. Finally…
• Japanese Foreign
Minister Shigenori Togo,
proposed acceptance of
the Potsdam Declaration.
• The Emperor Hirohito
convened an Imperial
Conference and at noon
on August 15, 1945,
announced Japan's
surrender.
• On Sept. 2, 1945,
Japanese Foreign
Minister Shigenori
formally signed the
surrender documents on
board the USS Missouri.
Signing of
Document
Japan Emperor

30. Involvement Of
Einstein• In 1905 Albert Einstein discovered
that a large amount of energy
could be released from a small
amount of matter.
• However Bombs were not in his
mind because even he considered
himself a pacifist.
• The first letter Einstein stated the
Germany is pursuing the interest
of an A bomb and we should do
the same.
• Einstein felt very guilty for what he
caused after he saw the
destruction of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
Albert Einstein

31. In the course of the last four months it has been made probable - through the
work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America - that it may
become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of
uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new
radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain
that this could be achieved in the immediate future.
This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it
is conceivable - though much less certain - that extremely powerful bombs
of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried
by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port
together with some of the surrounding territory. However, such bombs
might very well prove to be too heavy for transportation by air...
Yours very truly,
(Albert Einstein)
Einstein’s Letter ToEinstein’s Letter To
American President..American President..

32. THE END
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