This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures into their pure components. It defines homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures and explains several techniques including evaporation, centrifugation, distillation, chromatography, and fractional distillation. As an example, it explains how fractional distillation is used to separate gasoline and spirits by taking advantage of differences in boiling points between components.

1. MADE BY : MOHIT GUPTA
CLASS : IX G
ROLL NO : 30
WAY OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES.

2. Mixtures are constituted by more than one kind of pure
form of matter, known as a substance .We can also say
that a mixture contains more than one substance.
Mixture Of Dry
Fruits Soil
Air is mixture of various
gases.

3. There are two types of mixtures
HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
In which constituents
present are uniformly
mixed and have no arise of
separation.
In which constituents
present may not uniformly
mix and have clear bound
arise of separation.

4. We have learnt that most of the natural substances
are not chemically pure.
Different methods of separation are used to get
individual components from a mixture. Separation
makes it possible to study and use the individual
components of a mixture.

5. • EVAPORATION
• CENTRIFUCATION
• DISTILLATION
• SEPERATING FUNNEL
• SUBLIMATION
• CHROMATOGRAPHY
• FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
• COMPONENTS OF AIR

6. EVAPORATION
It can be used to separate solute from solvent.
We find that ink is a mixture of a dye in water .
Thus, we can separate the volatile component
(solvent) from its non-volatile solute by the
method of evaporation.

7. It can be used to separate :
• CREAM FROM MILK
• SQUEZZE OUT WATER FROM WET
CLOTHES
• BLOOD AND URINE TESTS
The centrifuge works on the principle of increasing
effective gravity (g's) to enhance the rate of settling
of suspended particles more dense than the buffer.
Effective gravity increases as you increase the
radius of your centrifuge arms, or with the square of
the rate of rotation.

8. SEPARATING FUNNEL
It is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids.
It works on principle that immiscible liquids separate
out the layers depending on densities till denser liquid
will always form denser layer and lighter liquid will
form upper layers.

9. DISTILLATION
It is used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids.
Distillation is a method of separating the constituents of mixture
(either a liquid or q gaseous one). It is a physical process and not a
chemical reaction using the different boiling temperatures of the
constituents to separate them from the others.

10. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
It's what produces gasoline for cars and spirits for cocktails.
It is based on the principle that every liquid has different
boiling point, none of the mixture of two or more miscible liquid
have same boiling point on the universe. So a mixture of two
miscible liquid will have different boiling point and on the basis
of this it is separated by the fractional distillation.

11. SUBLIMATION
It is used to separate mixture of salt and ammonium chloride.
It is technique which is used to separate those solids
from mixtures which directly pass to vapour state upon
heating and vapors on cooling give back solid again.

12. CHROMATOGRAPHY
It can be used to separate:
• Colours in a dye
• Pigments from natural colours
• Dugs from blood
It is the technique used for separation of those solutes
that dissolve in the same solvent.

13. SEPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL GASES FROM MIXTURE OF GASES
AIR
Compress and cool by increasing
pressure and decreasing temperature.
LIQUID AIR
Allow to warm up slowly in
fractional distillation column.
Gases get separated at different
heights.
OXYGEN ARGON NITROGEN
BOILING POINT(`C) -183 -186 -196
% AIR BY VOLUME 20.9 0.9 78.1
Flow diagram
shows the process
of obtaining
gases from air.