Basics of HVAC - Part 1 (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning)

BASICS OF HVAC
HEATING VENTILATION
AND
AIR-CONDITIONING
Prepared by,
Mohammed Abdul Mujeeb Khan
B.Tech – Mechanical Engineer
P.G.D – Business Administration

Prepared By : MOHAMMED ABDUL MUJEEB KHAN - B.TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEER
BASICS OF HVAC

• HEATING
BASICS OF HVAC
• VENTILATION
• AIR CONDITIONING

• HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning.
• HVAC systems control the indoor environment
(temperature, humidity, air flow, and air filtering)
• Mechanical intervention to condition the air to a
preferred temperature and relative humidity.
BASICS OF HVAC

• Conditions at which most people are
likely to feel comfortable most of the
time.
• Also called as Thermal Comfort.
• Temperature:
Summer - 78⁰F (25⁰C)
Winter - 68⁰F (20⁰C)
• Relative Humidity: 30 %– 60%.
BASICS OF HVAC

BASICS OF HVAC
• Temperature can be Raised or Lowered.
• Humidity can be Raised or Lowered.
• Maintain Proper Filtration of Air.
• Proper Air Movement.
• Outside Air can be Added and Removed.
• To hold the air contamination within acceptable limits.

BASICS OF HVAC
• Residential
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Educational
• Pharmaceuticals
• Hospitals
• Malls/Offices
• And many more….

• Conduction : Is transfer of heat
through solid matters.
• Convection : Is transfer of heat
through liquid.
• Radiation : Is transfer of heat
through gas/air.
BASICS OF HVAC

• Degree Centigrade - °C
Metric : Standard International (SI Unit)
• Degree Fahrenheit - °F
English : Inch Per Pound (IP Unit)
BASICS OF HVAC

Roof
Lights
Equipment
Floor
Exterior Wall
Glass solar
Infiltration People
Partition
Wall
BASICS OF HVAC

• Dry-bulb temperature
• Humidity
• Air movement
• Fresh air
• Clean air
• Noise level
• Adequate lighting
• Proper furniture and work
surfaces
BASICS OF HVAC

BASICS OF HVAC
• Compressor:
This Component is the heart of the system.
Pump refrigerant & oil through system.
Separates the high pressure side of the system from low pressure side.
If its fail, no cooling is takes place.
• Condenser:
Condenser coil is what gets rid of the heat in the system.
Can be water cooled( located inside, cooled with cooling tower water)
or air cooled(located in outside open to atmosphere) type.
Traps dirt & require preventive maintenance & cleaning.

BASICS OF HVAC
• Evaporator:
Provide cooled air to the space.
Located after the system air filters.
Removes moisture from air(condensate).
Traps inside dirt's/dust in filters, so require preventive maintenance.
• Evaporator fan:
Located behind or in front of evaporator coil.
Draw ambient and mix air across evaporator coil.
• Thermal expansion valve:
Located at the evaporator coil.
Provide the correct amount of refrigerant to the evaporator coil for
proper cooling..
Separates the high pressure side of the system from low pressure side.
Failure could cause compressor failure & loss of cooling capacity.

BASICS OF HVAC
• TR: 1 TR is amount of heat to be extracted from the
atmosphere for Melting one metric ton of ice in 24 Hrs.
• 1TR: 12000 BTU/HR
• 1TR: 3000 KCAL/HR
=50 KCAL/MIN

BASICS OF HVAC
• Calculation of cooling load requirement.
• Selection of techno-economical system.
• Equipment selection.
• Designing Air distribution system.
• Designing Water distribution system.
• Designing Refrigerant distribution system.
• Evaluation of system to be used.

BASICS OF HVAC
• Building detailed layout.
• Use of Space.
• Physical dimension of space.
• Inside room design condition.
• Filtration level required.
• Ambient condition.
• Glass area exposed to sun.
• Occupancy.
• Lighting load.
• Equipment load.
• Fresh air requirement.
• Infiltration of outside air.

BASICS OF HVAC
• Budget of Client.
• Need/Requirement of client.
• Use of Space.
• Outside condition.
• Floor layout.
• Location and dimension of beam/Column.
• Power availability.
• Space availability.
• And many more…

BASICS OF HVAC
• A psychrometric chart is a graphical representation of
the processes of air. Psychrometric processes
include physical and thermodynamic properties if Air.
• Provides a graphical representation of air and its
properties.
• Knowing any two conditions of air allows the other
conditions of the air to be found

BASICS OF HVAC
• Dry bulb temp.
• Wet bulb temp.
• Humidity.
• Dew point.
• Moisture content.
• Heating.
• Cooling.
• Humidity.
• De-Humidify.

BASICS OF HVAC
DX-SYSTEM – Direct Expansion
• A direct expansion air conditioning (DX) system uses a
refrigerant vapour expansion/compression (RVEC) cycle to
directly cool the supply air to an occupied space.
• DX systems (both packaged and split) directly cools the air
supplied to the building because the evaporator is in
direct contact with the supply air.

BASICS OF HVAC
Dx-System – Direct Expansion

BASICS OF HVAC
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
• Chilled water air conditioning systems are commonly used
in applications that need large cooling capacity such as
hypermarket, industrial process and commercial air
conditioning such as offices and factories.
• This system makes use of water as its secondary
refrigerant. Chiller is used to remove heat from the water
which is then circulated through other components to
absorb heat from the space.

BASICS OF HVAC
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

BASICS OF HVAC
• Window AC• Window AC
• Split AC
• Window AC
• Split AC
• Cassette AC
• Window AC
• Split AC
• Cassette AC
• Package AC
• Window AC
• Split AC
• Cassette AC
• Package AC
• AHU
(DX & CHW)

BASICS OF HVAC
End of Part 1

Basics of HVAC - Part 1 (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning)

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